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/**
 * Core Taxonomy API
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Taxonomy
 */

//
// Taxonomy registration.
//

/**
 * Creates the initial taxonomies.
 *
 * This function fires twice: in wp-settings.php before plugins are loaded (for
 * backward compatibility reasons), and again on the {@see 'init'} action. We must
 * avoid registering rewrite rules before the {@see 'init'} action.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 * @since 5.9.0 Added `'wp_template_part_area'` taxonomy.
 *
 * @global WP_Rewrite $wp_rewrite WordPress rewrite component.
 */
function create_initial_taxonomies() {
	global $wp_rewrite;

	WP_Taxonomy::reset_default_labels();

	if ( ! did_action( 'init' ) ) {
		$rewrite = array(
			'category'    =&gt; false,
			'post_tag'    =&gt; false,
			'post_format' =&gt; false,
		);
	} else {

		/**
		 * Filters the post formats rewrite base.
		 *
		 * @since 3.1.0
		 *
		 * @param string $context Context of the rewrite base. Default 'type'.
		 */
		$post_format_base = apply_filters( 'post_format_rewrite_base', 'type' );
		$rewrite          = array(
			'category'    =&gt; array(
				'hierarchical' =&gt; true,
				'slug'         =&gt; get_option( 'category_base' ) ? get_option( 'category_base' ) : 'category',
				'with_front'   =&gt; ! get_option( 'category_base' ) || $wp_rewrite-&gt;using_index_permalinks(),
				'ep_mask'      =&gt; EP_CATEGORIES,
			),
			'post_tag'    =&gt; array(
				'hierarchical' =&gt; false,
				'slug'         =&gt; get_option( 'tag_base' ) ? get_option( 'tag_base' ) : 'tag',
				'with_front'   =&gt; ! get_option( 'tag_base' ) || $wp_rewrite-&gt;using_index_permalinks(),
				'ep_mask'      =&gt; EP_TAGS,
			),
			'post_format' =&gt; $post_format_base ? array( 'slug' =&gt; $post_format_base ) : false,
		);
	}

	register_taxonomy(
		'category',
		'post',
		array(
			'hierarchical'          =&gt; true,
			'query_var'             =&gt; 'category_name',
			'rewrite'               =&gt; $rewrite['category'],
			'public'                =&gt; true,
			'show_ui'               =&gt; true,
			'show_admin_column'     =&gt; true,
			'_builtin'              =&gt; true,
			'capabilities'          =&gt; array(
				'manage_terms' =&gt; 'manage_categories',
				'edit_terms'   =&gt; 'edit_categories',
				'delete_terms' =&gt; 'delete_categories',
				'assign_terms' =&gt; 'assign_categories',
			),
			'show_in_rest'          =&gt; true,
			'rest_base'             =&gt; 'categories',
			'rest_controller_class' =&gt; 'WP_REST_Terms_Controller',
		)
	);

	register_taxonomy(
		'post_tag',
		'post',
		array(
			'hierarchical'          =&gt; false,
			'query_var'             =&gt; 'tag',
			'rewrite'               =&gt; $rewrite['post_tag'],
			'public'                =&gt; true,
			'show_ui'               =&gt; true,
			'show_admin_column'     =&gt; true,
			'_builtin'              =&gt; true,
			'capabilities'          =&gt; array(
				'manage_terms' =&gt; 'manage_post_tags',
				'edit_terms'   =&gt; 'edit_post_tags',
				'delete_terms' =&gt; 'delete_post_tags',
				'assign_terms' =&gt; 'assign_post_tags',
			),
			'show_in_rest'          =&gt; true,
			'rest_base'             =&gt; 'tags',
			'rest_controller_class' =&gt; 'WP_REST_Terms_Controller',
		)
	);

	register_taxonomy(
		'nav_menu',
		'nav_menu_item',
		array(
			'public'                =&gt; false,
			'hierarchical'          =&gt; false,
			'labels'                =&gt; array(
				'name'          =&gt; __( 'Navigation Menus' ),
				'singular_name' =&gt; __( 'Navigation Menu' ),
			),
			'query_var'             =&gt; false,
			'rewrite'               =&gt; false,
			'show_ui'               =&gt; false,
			'_builtin'              =&gt; true,
			'show_in_nav_menus'     =&gt; false,
			'capabilities'          =&gt; array(
				'manage_terms' =&gt; 'edit_theme_options',
				'edit_terms'   =&gt; 'edit_theme_options',
				'delete_terms' =&gt; 'edit_theme_options',
				'assign_terms' =&gt; 'edit_theme_options',
			),
			'show_in_rest'          =&gt; true,
			'rest_base'             =&gt; 'menus',
			'rest_controller_class' =&gt; 'WP_REST_Menus_Controller',
		)
	);

	register_taxonomy(
		'link_category',
		'link',
		array(
			'hierarchical' =&gt; false,
			'labels'       =&gt; array(
				'name'                       =&gt; __( 'Link Categories' ),
				'singular_name'              =&gt; __( 'Link Category' ),
				'search_items'               =&gt; __( 'Search Link Categories' ),
				'popular_items'              =&gt; null,
				'all_items'                  =&gt; __( 'All Link Categories' ),
				'edit_item'                  =&gt; __( 'Edit Link Category' ),
				'update_item'                =&gt; __( 'Update Link Category' ),
				'add_new_item'               =&gt; __( 'Add New Link Category' ),
				'new_item_name'              =&gt; __( 'New Link Category Name' ),
				'separate_items_with_commas' =&gt; null,
				'add_or_remove_items'        =&gt; null,
				'choose_from_most_used'      =&gt; null,
				'back_to_items'              =&gt; __( '&amp;larr; Go to Link Categories' ),
			),
			'capabilities' =&gt; array(
				'manage_terms' =&gt; 'manage_links',
				'edit_terms'   =&gt; 'manage_links',
				'delete_terms' =&gt; 'manage_links',
				'assign_terms' =&gt; 'manage_links',
			),
			'query_var'    =&gt; false,
			'rewrite'      =&gt; false,
			'public'       =&gt; false,
			'show_ui'      =&gt; true,
			'_builtin'     =&gt; true,
		)
	);

	register_taxonomy(
		'post_format',
		'post',
		array(
			'public'            =&gt; true,
			'hierarchical'      =&gt; false,
			'labels'            =&gt; array(
				'name'          =&gt; _x( 'Formats', 'post format' ),
				'singular_name' =&gt; _x( 'Format', 'post format' ),
			),
			'query_var'         =&gt; true,
			'rewrite'           =&gt; $rewrite['post_format'],
			'show_ui'           =&gt; false,
			'_builtin'          =&gt; true,
			'show_in_nav_menus' =&gt; current_theme_supports( 'post-formats' ),
		)
	);

	register_taxonomy(
		'wp_theme',
		array( 'wp_template', 'wp_template_part', 'wp_global_styles' ),
		array(
			'public'            =&gt; false,
			'hierarchical'      =&gt; false,
			'labels'            =&gt; array(
				'name'          =&gt; __( 'Themes' ),
				'singular_name' =&gt; __( 'Theme' ),
			),
			'query_var'         =&gt; false,
			'rewrite'           =&gt; false,
			'show_ui'           =&gt; false,
			'_builtin'          =&gt; true,
			'show_in_nav_menus' =&gt; false,
			'show_in_rest'      =&gt; false,
		)
	);

	register_taxonomy(
		'wp_template_part_area',
		array( 'wp_template_part' ),
		array(
			'public'            =&gt; false,
			'hierarchical'      =&gt; false,
			'labels'            =&gt; array(
				'name'          =&gt; __( 'Template Part Areas' ),
				'singular_name' =&gt; __( 'Template Part Area' ),
			),
			'query_var'         =&gt; false,
			'rewrite'           =&gt; false,
			'show_ui'           =&gt; false,
			'_builtin'          =&gt; true,
			'show_in_nav_menus' =&gt; false,
			'show_in_rest'      =&gt; false,
		)
	);
}

/**
 * Retrieves a list of registered taxonomy names or objects.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @global WP_Taxonomy[] $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param array  $args     Optional. An array of `key =&gt; value` arguments to match against the taxonomy objects.
 *                         Default empty array.
 * @param string $output   Optional. The type of output to return in the array. Accepts either taxonomy 'names'
 *                         or 'objects'. Default 'names'.
 * @param string $operator Optional. The logical operation to perform. Accepts 'and' or 'or'. 'or' means only
 *                         one element from the array needs to match; 'and' means all elements must match.
 *                         Default 'and'.
 * @return string[]|WP_Taxonomy[] An array of taxonomy names or objects.
 */
function get_taxonomies( $args = array(), $output = 'names', $operator = 'and' ) {
	global $wp_taxonomies;

	$field = ( 'names' === $output ) ? 'name' : false;

	return wp_filter_object_list( $wp_taxonomies, $args, $operator, $field );
}

/**
 * Returns the names or objects of the taxonomies which are registered for the requested object or object type,
 * such as a post object or post type name.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     $taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies( 'post' );
 *
 * This results in:
 *
 *     Array( 'category', 'post_tag' )
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global WP_Taxonomy[] $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string|string[]|WP_Post $object_type Name of the type of taxonomy object, or an object (row from posts).
 * @param string                  $output      Optional. The type of output to return in the array. Accepts either
 *                                             'names' or 'objects'. Default 'names'.
 * @return string[]|WP_Taxonomy[] The names or objects of all taxonomies of `$object_type`.
 */
function get_object_taxonomies( $object_type, $output = 'names' ) {
	global $wp_taxonomies;

	if ( is_object( $object_type ) ) {
		if ( 'attachment' === $object_type-&gt;post_type ) {
			return get_attachment_taxonomies( $object_type, $output );
		}
		$object_type = $object_type-&gt;post_type;
	}

	$object_type = (array) $object_type;

	$taxonomies = array();
	foreach ( (array) $wp_taxonomies as $tax_name =&gt; $tax_obj ) {
		if ( array_intersect( $object_type, (array) $tax_obj-&gt;object_type ) ) {
			if ( 'names' === $output ) {
				$taxonomies[] = $tax_name;
			} else {
				$taxonomies[ $tax_name ] = $tax_obj;
			}
		}
	}

	return $taxonomies;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the taxonomy object of $taxonomy.
 *
 * The get_taxonomy function will first check that the parameter string given
 * is a taxonomy object and if it is, it will return it.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global WP_Taxonomy[] $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Name of taxonomy object to return.
 * @return WP_Taxonomy|false The taxonomy object or false if $taxonomy doesn't exist.
 */
function get_taxonomy( $taxonomy ) {
	global $wp_taxonomies;

	if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	return $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ];
}

/**
 * Determines whether the taxonomy name exists.
 *
 * Formerly is_taxonomy(), introduced in 2.3.0.
 *
 * For more information on this and similar theme functions, check out
 * the {@link https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/conditional-tags/
 * Conditional Tags} article in the Theme Developer Handbook.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @global WP_Taxonomy[] $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Name of taxonomy object.
 * @return bool Whether the taxonomy exists.
 */
function taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) {
	global $wp_taxonomies;

	return is_string( $taxonomy ) &amp;&amp; isset( $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ] );
}

/**
 * Determines whether the taxonomy object is hierarchical.
 *
 * Checks to make sure that the taxonomy is an object first. Then Gets the
 * object, and finally returns the hierarchical value in the object.
 *
 * A false return value might also mean that the taxonomy does not exist.
 *
 * For more information on this and similar theme functions, check out
 * the {@link https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/conditional-tags/
 * Conditional Tags} article in the Theme Developer Handbook.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Name of taxonomy object.
 * @return bool Whether the taxonomy is hierarchical.
 */
function is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $taxonomy ) {
	if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$taxonomy = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
	return $taxonomy-&gt;hierarchical;
}

/**
 * Creates or modifies a taxonomy object.
 *
 * Note: Do not use before the {@see 'init'} hook.
 *
 * A simple function for creating or modifying a taxonomy object based on
 * the parameters given. If modifying an existing taxonomy object, note
 * that the `$object_type` value from the original registration will be
 * overwritten.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.2.0 Introduced `show_in_quick_edit` argument.
 * @since 4.4.0 The `show_ui` argument is now enforced on the term editing screen.
 * @since 4.4.0 The `public` argument now controls whether the taxonomy can be queried on the front end.
 * @since 4.5.0 Introduced `publicly_queryable` argument.
 * @since 4.7.0 Introduced `show_in_rest`, 'rest_base' and 'rest_controller_class'
 *              arguments to register the taxonomy in REST API.
 * @since 5.1.0 Introduced `meta_box_sanitize_cb` argument.
 * @since 5.4.0 Added the registered taxonomy object as a return value.
 * @since 5.5.0 Introduced `default_term` argument.
 * @since 5.9.0 Introduced `rest_namespace` argument.
 *
 * @global WP_Taxonomy[] $wp_taxonomies Registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string       $taxonomy    Taxonomy key. Must not exceed 32 characters and may only contain
 *                                  lowercase alphanumeric characters, dashes, and underscores. See sanitize_key().
 * @param array|string $object_type Object type or array of object types with which the taxonomy should be associated.
 * @param array|string $args        {
 *     Optional. Array or query string of arguments for registering a taxonomy.
 *
 *     @type string[]      $labels                An array of labels for this taxonomy. By default, Tag labels are
 *                                                used for non-hierarchical taxonomies, and Category labels are used
 *                                                for hierarchical taxonomies. See accepted values in
 *                                                get_taxonomy_labels(). Default empty array.
 *     @type string        $description           A short descriptive summary of what the taxonomy is for. Default empty.
 *     @type bool          $public                Whether a taxonomy is intended for use publicly either via
 *                                                the admin interface or by front-end users. The default settings
 *                                                of `$publicly_queryable`, `$show_ui`, and `$show_in_nav_menus`
 *                                                are inherited from `$public`.
 *     @type bool          $publicly_queryable    Whether the taxonomy is publicly queryable.
 *                                                If not set, the default is inherited from `$public`
 *     @type bool          $hierarchical          Whether the taxonomy is hierarchical. Default false.
 *     @type bool          $show_ui               Whether to generate and allow a UI for managing terms in this taxonomy in
 *                                                the admin. If not set, the default is inherited from `$public`
 *                                                (default true).
 *     @type bool          $show_in_menu          Whether to show the taxonomy in the admin menu. If true, the taxonomy is
 *                                                shown as a submenu of the object type menu. If false, no menu is shown.
 *                                                `$show_ui` must be true. If not set, default is inherited from `$show_ui`
 *                                                (default true).
 *     @type bool          $show_in_nav_menus     Makes this taxonomy available for selection in navigation menus. If not
 *                                                set, the default is inherited from `$public` (default true).
 *     @type bool          $show_in_rest          Whether to include the taxonomy in the REST API. Set this to true
 *                                                for the taxonomy to be available in the block editor.
 *     @type string        $rest_base             To change the base url of REST API route. Default is $taxonomy.
 *     @type string        $rest_namespace        To change the namespace URL of REST API route. Default is wp/v2.
 *     @type string        $rest_controller_class REST API Controller class name. Default is 'WP_REST_Terms_Controller'.
 *     @type bool          $show_tagcloud         Whether to list the taxonomy in the Tag Cloud Widget controls. If not set,
 *                                                the default is inherited from `$show_ui` (default true).
 *     @type bool          $show_in_quick_edit    Whether to show the taxonomy in the quick/bulk edit panel. It not set,
 *                                                the default is inherited from `$show_ui` (default true).
 *     @type bool          $show_admin_column     Whether to display a column for the taxonomy on its post type listing
 *                                                screens. Default false.
 *     @type bool|callable $meta_box_cb           Provide a callback function for the meta box display. If not set,
 *                                                post_categories_meta_box() is used for hierarchical taxonomies, and
 *                                                post_tags_meta_box() is used for non-hierarchical. If false, no meta
 *                                                box is shown.
 *     @type callable      $meta_box_sanitize_cb  Callback function for sanitizing taxonomy data saved from a meta
 *                                                box. If no callback is defined, an appropriate one is determined
 *                                                based on the value of `$meta_box_cb`.
 *     @type string[]      $capabilities {
 *         Array of capabilities for this taxonomy.
 *
 *         @type string $manage_terms Default 'manage_categories'.
 *         @type string $edit_terms   Default 'manage_categories'.
 *         @type string $delete_terms Default 'manage_categories'.
 *         @type string $assign_terms Default 'edit_posts'.
 *     }
 *     @type bool|array    $rewrite {
 *         Triggers the handling of rewrites for this taxonomy. Default true, using $taxonomy as slug. To prevent
 *         rewrite, set to false. To specify rewrite rules, an array can be passed with any of these keys:
 *
 *         @type string $slug         Customize the permastruct slug. Default `$taxonomy` key.
 *         @type bool   $with_front   Should the permastruct be prepended with WP_Rewrite::$front. Default true.
 *         @type bool   $hierarchical Either hierarchical rewrite tag or not. Default false.
 *         @type int    $ep_mask      Assign an endpoint mask. Default `EP_NONE`.
 *     }
 *     @type string|bool   $query_var             Sets the query var key for this taxonomy. Default `$taxonomy` key. If
 *                                                false, a taxonomy cannot be loaded at `?{query_var}={term_slug}`. If a
 *                                                string, the query `?{query_var}={term_slug}` will be valid.
 *     @type callable      $update_count_callback Works much like a hook, in that it will be called when the count is
 *                                                updated. Default _update_post_term_count() for taxonomies attached
 *                                                to post types, which confirms that the objects are published before
 *                                                counting them. Default _update_generic_term_count() for taxonomies
 *                                                attached to other object types, such as users.
 *     @type string|array  $default_term {
 *         Default term to be used for the taxonomy.
 *
 *         @type string $name         Name of default term.
 *         @type string $slug         Slug for default term. Default empty.
 *         @type string $description  Description for default term. Default empty.
 *     }
 *     @type bool          $sort                  Whether terms in this taxonomy should be sorted in the order they are
 *                                                provided to `wp_set_object_terms()`. Default null which equates to false.
 *     @type array         $args                  Array of arguments to automatically use inside `wp_get_object_terms()`
 *                                                for this taxonomy.
 *     @type bool          $_builtin              This taxonomy is a &quot;built-in&quot; taxonomy. INTERNAL USE ONLY!
 *                                                Default false.
 * }
 * @return WP_Taxonomy|WP_Error The registered taxonomy object on success, WP_Error object on failure.
 */
function register_taxonomy( $taxonomy, $object_type, $args = array() ) {
	global $wp_taxonomies;

	if ( ! is_array( $wp_taxonomies ) ) {
		$wp_taxonomies = array();
	}

	$args = wp_parse_args( $args );

	if ( empty( $taxonomy ) || strlen( $taxonomy ) &gt; 32 ) {
		_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, __( 'Taxonomy names must be between 1 and 32 characters in length.' ), '4.2.0' );
		return new WP_Error( 'taxonomy_length_invalid', __( 'Taxonomy names must be between 1 and 32 characters in length.' ) );
	}

	$taxonomy_object = new WP_Taxonomy( $taxonomy, $object_type, $args );
	$taxonomy_object-&gt;add_rewrite_rules();

	$wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ] = $taxonomy_object;

	$taxonomy_object-&gt;add_hooks();

	// Add default term.
	if ( ! empty( $taxonomy_object-&gt;default_term ) ) {
		$term = term_exists( $taxonomy_object-&gt;default_term['name'], $taxonomy );
		if ( $term ) {
			update_option( 'default_term_' . $taxonomy_object-&gt;name, $term['term_id'] );
		} else {
			$term = wp_insert_term(
				$taxonomy_object-&gt;default_term['name'],
				$taxonomy,
				array(
					'slug'        =&gt; sanitize_title( $taxonomy_object-&gt;default_term['slug'] ),
					'description' =&gt; $taxonomy_object-&gt;default_term['description'],
				)
			);

			// Update `term_id` in options.
			if ( ! is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
				update_option( 'default_term_' . $taxonomy_object-&gt;name, $term['term_id'] );
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Fires after a taxonomy is registered.
	 *
	 * @since 3.3.0
	 *
	 * @param string       $taxonomy    Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array|string $object_type Object type or array of object types.
	 * @param array        $args        Array of taxonomy registration arguments.
	 */
	do_action( 'registered_taxonomy', $taxonomy, $object_type, (array) $taxonomy_object );

	/**
	 * Fires after a specific taxonomy is registered.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the filter name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy key.
	 *
	 * Possible hook names include:
	 *
	 *  - `registered_taxonomy_category`
	 *  - `registered_taxonomy_post_tag`
	 *
	 * @since 6.0.0
	 *
	 * @param string       $taxonomy    Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array|string $object_type Object type or array of object types.
	 * @param array        $args        Array of taxonomy registration arguments.
	 */
	do_action( &quot;registered_taxonomy_{$taxonomy}&quot;, $taxonomy, $object_type, (array) $taxonomy_object );

	return $taxonomy_object;
}

/**
 * Unregisters a taxonomy.
 *
 * Can not be used to unregister built-in taxonomies.
 *
 * @since 4.5.0
 *
 * @global WP_Taxonomy[] $wp_taxonomies List of taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return true|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure or if the taxonomy doesn't exist.
 */
function unregister_taxonomy( $taxonomy ) {
	global $wp_taxonomies;

	if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
	}

	$taxonomy_object = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );

	// Do not allow unregistering internal taxonomies.
	if ( $taxonomy_object-&gt;_builtin ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Unregistering a built-in taxonomy is not allowed.' ) );
	}

	$taxonomy_object-&gt;remove_rewrite_rules();
	$taxonomy_object-&gt;remove_hooks();

	// Remove the taxonomy.
	unset( $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ] );

	/**
	 * Fires after a taxonomy is unregistered.
	 *
	 * @since 4.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
	 */
	do_action( 'unregistered_taxonomy', $taxonomy );

	return true;
}

/**
 * Builds an object with all taxonomy labels out of a taxonomy object.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @since 4.3.0 Added the `no_terms` label.
 * @since 4.4.0 Added the `items_list_navigation` and `items_list` labels.
 * @since 4.9.0 Added the `most_used` and `back_to_items` labels.
 * @since 5.7.0 Added the `filter_by_item` label.
 * @since 5.8.0 Added the `item_link` and `item_link_description` labels.
 * @since 5.9.0 Added the `name_field_description`, `slug_field_description`,
 *              `parent_field_description`, and `desc_field_description` labels.
 *
 * @param WP_Taxonomy $tax Taxonomy object.
 * @return object {
 *     Taxonomy labels object. The first default value is for non-hierarchical taxonomies
 *     (like tags) and the second one is for hierarchical taxonomies (like categories).
 *
 *     @type string $name                       General name for the taxonomy, usually plural. The same
 *                                              as and overridden by `$tax-&gt;label`. Default 'Tags'/'Categories'.
 *     @type string $singular_name              Name for one object of this taxonomy. Default 'Tag'/'Category'.
 *     @type string $search_items               Default 'Search Tags'/'Search Categories'.
 *     @type string $popular_items              This label is only used for non-hierarchical taxonomies.
 *                                              Default 'Popular Tags'.
 *     @type string $all_items                  Default 'All Tags'/'All Categories'.
 *     @type string $parent_item                This label is only used for hierarchical taxonomies. Default
 *                                              'Parent Category'.
 *     @type string $parent_item_colon          The same as `parent_item`, but with colon `:` in the end.
 *     @type string $name_field_description     Description for the Name field on Edit Tags screen.
 *                                              Default 'The name is how it appears on your site'.
 *     @type string $slug_field_description     Description for the Slug field on Edit Tags screen.
 *                                              Default 'The &amp;#8220;slug&amp;#8221; is the URL-friendly version
 *                                              of the name. It is usually all lowercase and contains
 *                                              only letters, numbers, and hyphens'.
 *     @type string $parent_field_description   Description for the Parent field on Edit Tags screen.
 *                                              Default 'Assign a parent term to create a hierarchy.
 *                                              The term Jazz, for example, would be the parent
 *                                              of Bebop and Big Band'.
 *     @type string $desc_field_description     Description for the Description field on Edit Tags screen.
 *                                              Default 'The description is not prominent by default;
 *                                              however, some themes may show it'.
 *     @type string $edit_item                  Default 'Edit Tag'/'Edit Category'.
 *     @type string $view_item                  Default 'View Tag'/'View Category'.
 *     @type string $update_item                Default 'Update Tag'/'Update Category'.
 *     @type string $add_new_item               Default 'Add New Tag'/'Add New Category'.
 *     @type string $new_item_name              Default 'New Tag Name'/'New Category Name'.
 *     @type string $separate_items_with_commas This label is only used for non-hierarchical taxonomies. Default
 *                                              'Separate tags with commas', used in the meta box.
 *     @type string $add_or_remove_items        This label is only used for non-hierarchical taxonomies. Default
 *                                              'Add or remove tags', used in the meta box when JavaScript
 *                                              is disabled.
 *     @type string $choose_from_most_used      This label is only used on non-hierarchical taxonomies. Default
 *                                              'Choose from the most used tags', used in the meta box.
 *     @type string $not_found                  Default 'No tags found'/'No categories found', used in
 *                                              the meta box and taxonomy list table.
 *     @type string $no_terms                   Default 'No tags'/'No categories', used in the posts and media
 *                                              list tables.
 *     @type string $filter_by_item             This label is only used for hierarchical taxonomies. Default
 *                                              'Filter by category', used in the posts list table.
 *     @type string $items_list_navigation      Label for the table pagination hidden heading.
 *     @type string $items_list                 Label for the table hidden heading.
 *     @type string $most_used                  Title for the Most Used tab. Default 'Most Used'.
 *     @type string $back_to_items              Label displayed after a term has been updated.
 *     @type string $item_link                  Used in the block editor. Title for a navigation link block variation.
 *                                              Default 'Tag Link'/'Category Link'.
 *     @type string $item_link_description      Used in the block editor. Description for a navigation link block
 *                                              variation. Default 'A link to a tag'/'A link to a category'.
 * }
 */
function get_taxonomy_labels( $tax ) {
	$tax-&gt;labels = (array) $tax-&gt;labels;

	if ( isset( $tax-&gt;helps ) &amp;&amp; empty( $tax-&gt;labels['separate_items_with_commas'] ) ) {
		$tax-&gt;labels['separate_items_with_commas'] = $tax-&gt;helps;
	}

	if ( isset( $tax-&gt;no_tagcloud ) &amp;&amp; empty( $tax-&gt;labels['not_found'] ) ) {
		$tax-&gt;labels['not_found'] = $tax-&gt;no_tagcloud;
	}

	$nohier_vs_hier_defaults = WP_Taxonomy::get_default_labels();

	$nohier_vs_hier_defaults['menu_name'] = $nohier_vs_hier_defaults['name'];

	$labels = _get_custom_object_labels( $tax, $nohier_vs_hier_defaults );

	$taxonomy = $tax-&gt;name;

	$default_labels = clone $labels;

	/**
	 * Filters the labels of a specific taxonomy.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
	 *
	 * Possible hook names include:
	 *
	 *  - `taxonomy_labels_category`
	 *  - `taxonomy_labels_post_tag`
	 *
	 * @since 4.4.0
	 *
	 * @see get_taxonomy_labels() for the full list of taxonomy labels.
	 *
	 * @param object $labels Object with labels for the taxonomy as member variables.
	 */
	$labels = apply_filters( &quot;taxonomy_labels_{$taxonomy}&quot;, $labels );

	// Ensure that the filtered labels contain all required default values.
	$labels = (object) array_merge( (array) $default_labels, (array) $labels );

	return $labels;
}

/**
 * Adds an already registered taxonomy to an object type.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @global WP_Taxonomy[] $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy    Name of taxonomy object.
 * @param string $object_type Name of the object type.
 * @return bool True if successful, false if not.
 */
function register_taxonomy_for_object_type( $taxonomy, $object_type ) {
	global $wp_taxonomies;

	if ( ! isset( $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ] ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( ! get_post_type_object( $object_type ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( ! in_array( $object_type, $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ]-&gt;object_type, true ) ) {
		$wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ]-&gt;object_type[] = $object_type;
	}

	// Filter out empties.
	$wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ]-&gt;object_type = array_filter( $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ]-&gt;object_type );

	/**
	 * Fires after a taxonomy is registered for an object type.
	 *
	 * @since 5.1.0
	 *
	 * @param string $taxonomy    Taxonomy name.
	 * @param string $object_type Name of the object type.
	 */
	do_action( 'registered_taxonomy_for_object_type', $taxonomy, $object_type );

	return true;
}

/**
 * Removes an already registered taxonomy from an object type.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 *
 * @global WP_Taxonomy[] $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy    Name of taxonomy object.
 * @param string $object_type Name of the object type.
 * @return bool True if successful, false if not.
 */
function unregister_taxonomy_for_object_type( $taxonomy, $object_type ) {
	global $wp_taxonomies;

	if ( ! isset( $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ] ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( ! get_post_type_object( $object_type ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$key = array_search( $object_type, $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ]-&gt;object_type, true );
	if ( false === $key ) {
		return false;
	}

	unset( $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ]-&gt;object_type[ $key ] );

	/**
	 * Fires after a taxonomy is unregistered for an object type.
	 *
	 * @since 5.1.0
	 *
	 * @param string $taxonomy    Taxonomy name.
	 * @param string $object_type Name of the object type.
	 */
	do_action( 'unregistered_taxonomy_for_object_type', $taxonomy, $object_type );

	return true;
}

//
// Term API.
//

/**
 * Retrieves object IDs of valid taxonomy and term.
 *
 * The strings of `$taxonomies` must exist before this function will continue.
 * On failure of finding a valid taxonomy, it will return a WP_Error.
 *
 * The `$terms` aren't checked the same as `$taxonomies`, but still need to exist
 * for object IDs to be returned.
 *
 * It is possible to change the order that object IDs are returned by using `$args`
 * with either ASC or DESC array. The value should be in the key named 'order'.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int|int[]       $term_ids   Term ID or array of term IDs of terms that will be used.
 * @param string|string[] $taxonomies String of taxonomy name or Array of string values of taxonomy names.
 * @param array|string    $args       Change the order of the object IDs, either ASC or DESC.
 * @return string[]|WP_Error An array of object IDs as numeric strings on success,
 *                           WP_Error if the taxonomy does not exist.
 */
function get_objects_in_term( $term_ids, $taxonomies, $args = array() ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! is_array( $term_ids ) ) {
		$term_ids = array( $term_ids );
	}
	if ( ! is_array( $taxonomies ) ) {
		$taxonomies = array( $taxonomies );
	}
	foreach ( (array) $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
		if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
			return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
		}
	}

	$defaults = array( 'order' =&gt; 'ASC' );
	$args     = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	$order = ( 'desc' === strtolower( $args['order'] ) ) ? 'DESC' : 'ASC';

	$term_ids = array_map( 'intval', $term_ids );

	$taxonomies = &quot;'&quot; . implode( &quot;', '&quot;, array_map( 'esc_sql', $taxonomies ) ) . &quot;'&quot;;
	$term_ids   = &quot;'&quot; . implode( &quot;', '&quot;, $term_ids ) . &quot;'&quot;;

	$sql = &quot;SELECT tr.object_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_relationships AS tr INNER JOIN $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy AS tt ON tr.term_taxonomy_id = tt.term_taxonomy_id WHERE tt.taxonomy IN ($taxonomies) AND tt.term_id IN ($term_ids) ORDER BY tr.object_id $order&quot;;

	$last_changed = wp_cache_get_last_changed( 'terms' );
	$cache_key    = 'get_objects_in_term:' . md5( $sql ) . &quot;:$last_changed&quot;;
	$cache        = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, 'terms' );
	if ( false === $cache ) {
		$object_ids = $wpdb-&gt;get_col( $sql );
		wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $object_ids, 'terms' );
	} else {
		$object_ids = (array) $cache;
	}

	if ( ! $object_ids ) {
		return array();
	}
	return $object_ids;
}

/**
 * Given a taxonomy query, generates SQL to be appended to a main query.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @see WP_Tax_Query
 *
 * @param array  $tax_query         A compact tax query
 * @param string $primary_table
 * @param string $primary_id_column
 * @return string[]
 */
function get_tax_sql( $tax_query, $primary_table, $primary_id_column ) {
	$tax_query_obj = new WP_Tax_Query( $tax_query );
	return $tax_query_obj-&gt;get_sql( $primary_table, $primary_id_column );
}

/**
 * Gets all term data from database by term ID.
 *
 * The usage of the get_term function is to apply filters to a term object. It
 * is possible to get a term object from the database before applying the
 * filters.
 *
 * $term ID must be part of $taxonomy, to get from the database. Failure, might
 * be able to be captured by the hooks. Failure would be the same value as $wpdb
 * returns for the get_row method.
 *
 * There are two hooks, one is specifically for each term, named 'get_term', and
 * the second is for the taxonomy name, 'term_$taxonomy'. Both hooks gets the
 * term object, and the taxonomy name as parameters. Both hooks are expected to
 * return a term object.
 *
 * {@see 'get_term'} hook - Takes two parameters the term Object and the taxonomy name.
 * Must return term object. Used in get_term() as a catch-all filter for every
 * $term.
 *
 * {@see 'get_$taxonomy'} hook - Takes two parameters the term Object and the taxonomy
 * name. Must return term object. $taxonomy will be the taxonomy name, so for
 * example, if 'category', it would be 'get_category' as the filter name. Useful
 * for custom taxonomies or plugging into default taxonomies.
 *
 * @todo Better formatting for DocBlock
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.4.0 Converted to return a WP_Term object if `$output` is `OBJECT`.
 *              The `$taxonomy` parameter was made optional.
 *
 * @see sanitize_term_field() The $context param lists the available values for get_term_by() $filter param.
 *
 * @param int|WP_Term|object $term     If integer, term data will be fetched from the database,
 *                                     or from the cache if available.
 *                                     If stdClass object (as in the results of a database query),
 *                                     will apply filters and return a `WP_Term` object with the `$term` data.
 *                                     If `WP_Term`, will return `$term`.
 * @param string             $taxonomy Optional. Taxonomy name that `$term` is part of.
 * @param string             $output   Optional. The required return type. One of OBJECT, ARRAY_A, or ARRAY_N, which
 *                                     correspond to a WP_Term object, an associative array, or a numeric array,
 *                                     respectively. Default OBJECT.
 * @param string             $filter   Optional. How to sanitize term fields. Default 'raw'.
 * @return WP_Term|array|WP_Error|null WP_Term instance (or array) on success, depending on the `$output` value.
 *                                     WP_Error if `$taxonomy` does not exist. Null for miscellaneous failure.
 */
function get_term( $term, $taxonomy = '', $output = OBJECT, $filter = 'raw' ) {
	if ( empty( $term ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_term', __( 'Empty Term.' ) );
	}

	if ( $taxonomy &amp;&amp; ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
	}

	if ( $term instanceof WP_Term ) {
		$_term = $term;
	} elseif ( is_object( $term ) ) {
		if ( empty( $term-&gt;filter ) || 'raw' === $term-&gt;filter ) {
			$_term = sanitize_term( $term, $taxonomy, 'raw' );
			$_term = new WP_Term( $_term );
		} else {
			$_term = WP_Term::get_instance( $term-&gt;term_id );
		}
	} else {
		$_term = WP_Term::get_instance( $term, $taxonomy );
	}

	if ( is_wp_error( $_term ) ) {
		return $_term;
	} elseif ( ! $_term ) {
		return null;
	}

	// Ensure for filters that this is not empty.
	$taxonomy = $_term-&gt;taxonomy;

	/**
	 * Filters a taxonomy term object.
	 *
	 * The {@see 'get_$taxonomy'} hook is also available for targeting a specific
	 * taxonomy.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 `$_term` is now a `WP_Term` object.
	 *
	 * @param WP_Term $_term    Term object.
	 * @param string  $taxonomy The taxonomy slug.
	 */
	$_term = apply_filters( 'get_term', $_term, $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Filters a taxonomy term object.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers
	 * to the slug of the term's taxonomy.
	 *
	 * Possible hook names include:
	 *
	 *  - `get_category`
	 *  - `get_post_tag`
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 4.4.0 `$_term` is now a `WP_Term` object.
	 *
	 * @param WP_Term $_term    Term object.
	 * @param string  $taxonomy The taxonomy slug.
	 */
	$_term = apply_filters( &quot;get_{$taxonomy}&quot;, $_term, $taxonomy );

	// Bail if a filter callback has changed the type of the `$_term` object.
	if ( ! ( $_term instanceof WP_Term ) ) {
		return $_term;
	}

	// Sanitize term, according to the specified filter.
	$_term-&gt;filter( $filter );

	if ( ARRAY_A === $output ) {
		return $_term-&gt;to_array();
	} elseif ( ARRAY_N === $output ) {
		return array_values( $_term-&gt;to_array() );
	}

	return $_term;
}

/**
 * Gets all term data from database by term field and data.
 *
 * Warning: $value is not escaped for 'name' $field. You must do it yourself, if
 * required.
 *
 * The default $field is 'id', therefore it is possible to also use null for
 * field, but not recommended that you do so.
 *
 * If $value does not exist, the return value will be false. If $taxonomy exists
 * and $field and $value combinations exist, the term will be returned.
 *
 * This function will always return the first term that matches the `$field`-
 * `$value`-`$taxonomy` combination specified in the parameters. If your query
 * is likely to match more than one term (as is likely to be the case when
 * `$field` is 'name', for example), consider using get_terms() instead; that
 * way, you will get all matching terms, and can provide your own logic for
 * deciding which one was intended.
 *
 * @todo Better formatting for DocBlock.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.4.0 `$taxonomy` is optional if `$field` is 'term_taxonomy_id'. Converted to return
 *              a WP_Term object if `$output` is `OBJECT`.
 * @since 5.5.0 Added 'ID' as an alias of 'id' for the `$field` parameter.
 *
 * @see sanitize_term_field() The $context param lists the available values for get_term_by() $filter param.
 *
 * @param string     $field    Either 'slug', 'name', 'term_id' (or 'id', 'ID'), or 'term_taxonomy_id'.
 * @param string|int $value    Search for this term value.
 * @param string     $taxonomy Taxonomy name. Optional, if `$field` is 'term_taxonomy_id'.
 * @param string     $output   Optional. The required return type. One of OBJECT, ARRAY_A, or ARRAY_N, which
 *                             correspond to a WP_Term object, an associative array, or a numeric array,
 *                             respectively. Default OBJECT.
 * @param string     $filter   Optional. How to sanitize term fields. Default 'raw'.
 * @return WP_Term|array|false WP_Term instance (or array) on success, depending on the `$output` value.
 *                             False if `$taxonomy` does not exist or `$term` was not found.
 */
function get_term_by( $field, $value, $taxonomy = '', $output = OBJECT, $filter = 'raw' ) {

	// 'term_taxonomy_id' lookups don't require taxonomy checks.
	if ( 'term_taxonomy_id' !== $field &amp;&amp; ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	// No need to perform a query for empty 'slug' or 'name'.
	if ( 'slug' === $field || 'name' === $field ) {
		$value = (string) $value;

		if ( 0 === strlen( $value ) ) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	if ( 'id' === $field || 'ID' === $field || 'term_id' === $field ) {
		$term = get_term( (int) $value, $taxonomy, $output, $filter );
		if ( is_wp_error( $term ) || null === $term ) {
			$term = false;
		}
		return $term;
	}

	$args = array(
		'get'                    =&gt; 'all',
		'number'                 =&gt; 1,
		'taxonomy'               =&gt; $taxonomy,
		'update_term_meta_cache' =&gt; false,
		'orderby'                =&gt; 'none',
		'suppress_filter'        =&gt; true,
	);

	switch ( $field ) {
		case 'slug':
			$args['slug'] = $value;
			break;
		case 'name':
			$args['name'] = $value;
			break;
		case 'term_taxonomy_id':
			$args['term_taxonomy_id'] = $value;
			unset( $args['taxonomy'] );
			break;
		default:
			return false;
	}

	$terms = get_terms( $args );
	if ( is_wp_error( $terms ) || empty( $terms ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$term = array_shift( $terms );

	// In the case of 'term_taxonomy_id', override the provided `$taxonomy` with whatever we find in the DB.
	if ( 'term_taxonomy_id' === $field ) {
		$taxonomy = $term-&gt;taxonomy;
	}

	return get_term( $term, $taxonomy, $output, $filter );
}

/**
 * Merges all term children into a single array of their IDs.
 *
 * This recursive function will merge all of the children of $term into the same
 * array of term IDs. Only useful for taxonomies which are hierarchical.
 *
 * Will return an empty array if $term does not exist in $taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id  ID of term to get children.
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return array|WP_Error List of term IDs. WP_Error returned if `$taxonomy` does not exist.
 */
function get_term_children( $term_id, $taxonomy ) {
	if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
	}

	$term_id = (int) $term_id;

	$terms = _get_term_hierarchy( $taxonomy );

	if ( ! isset( $terms[ $term_id ] ) ) {
		return array();
	}

	$children = $terms[ $term_id ];

	foreach ( (array) $terms[ $term_id ] as $child ) {
		if ( $term_id === $child ) {
			continue;
		}

		if ( isset( $terms[ $child ] ) ) {
			$children = array_merge( $children, get_term_children( $child, $taxonomy ) );
		}
	}

	return $children;
}

/**
 * Gets sanitized term field.
 *
 * The function is for contextual reasons and for simplicity of usage.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.4.0 The `$taxonomy` parameter was made optional. `$term` can also now accept a WP_Term object.
 *
 * @see sanitize_term_field()
 *
 * @param string      $field    Term field to fetch.
 * @param int|WP_Term $term     Term ID or object.
 * @param string      $taxonomy Optional. Taxonomy name. Default empty.
 * @param string      $context  Optional. How to sanitize term fields. Look at sanitize_term_field() for available options.
 *                              Default 'display'.
 * @return string|int|null|WP_Error Will return an empty string if $term is not an object or if $field is not set in $term.
 */
function get_term_field( $field, $term, $taxonomy = '', $context = 'display' ) {
	$term = get_term( $term, $taxonomy );
	if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
		return $term;
	}

	if ( ! is_object( $term ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	if ( ! isset( $term-&gt;$field ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	return sanitize_term_field( $field, $term-&gt;$field, $term-&gt;term_id, $term-&gt;taxonomy, $context );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes term for editing.
 *
 * Return value is sanitize_term() and usage is for sanitizing the term for
 * editing. Function is for contextual and simplicity.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param int|object $id       Term ID or object.
 * @param string     $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return string|int|null|WP_Error Will return empty string if $term is not an object.
 */
function get_term_to_edit( $id, $taxonomy ) {
	$term = get_term( $id, $taxonomy );

	if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
		return $term;
	}

	if ( ! is_object( $term ) ) {
		return '';
	}

	return sanitize_term( $term, $taxonomy, 'edit' );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the terms in a given taxonomy or list of taxonomies.
 *
 * You can fully inject any customizations to the query before it is sent, as
 * well as control the output with a filter.
 *
 * The return type varies depending on the value passed to `$args['fields']`. See
 * WP_Term_Query::get_terms() for details. In all cases, a `WP_Error` object will
 * be returned if an invalid taxonomy is requested.
 *
 * The {@see 'get_terms'} filter will be called when the cache has the term and will
 * pass the found term along with the array of $taxonomies and array of $args.
 * This filter is also called before the array of terms is passed and will pass
 * the array of terms, along with the $taxonomies and $args.
 *
 * The {@see 'list_terms_exclusions'} filter passes the compiled exclusions along with
 * the $args.
 *
 * The {@see 'get_terms_orderby'} filter passes the `ORDER BY` clause for the query
 * along with the $args array.
 *
 * Taxonomy or an array of taxonomies should be passed via the 'taxonomy' argument
 * in the `$args` array:
 *
 *     $terms = get_terms( array(
 *         'taxonomy'   =&gt; 'post_tag',
 *         'hide_empty' =&gt; false,
 *     ) );
 *
 * Prior to 4.5.0, taxonomy was passed as the first parameter of `get_terms()`.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.2.0 Introduced 'name' and 'childless' parameters.
 * @since 4.4.0 Introduced the ability to pass 'term_id' as an alias of 'id' for the `orderby` parameter.
 *              Introduced the 'meta_query' and 'update_term_meta_cache' parameters. Converted to return
 *              a list of WP_Term objects.
 * @since 4.5.0 Changed the function signature so that the `$args` array can be provided as the first parameter.
 *              Introduced 'meta_key' and 'meta_value' parameters. Introduced the ability to order results by metadata.
 * @since 4.8.0 Introduced 'suppress_filter' parameter.
 *
 * @internal The `$deprecated` parameter is parsed for backward compatibility only.
 *
 * @param array|string $args       Optional. Array or string of arguments. See WP_Term_Query::__construct()
 *                                 for information on accepted arguments. Default empty array.
 * @param array|string $deprecated Optional. Argument array, when using the legacy function parameter format.
 *                                 If present, this parameter will be interpreted as `$args`, and the first
 *                                 function parameter will be parsed as a taxonomy or array of taxonomies.
 *                                 Default empty.
 * @return WP_Term[]|int[]|string[]|string|WP_Error Array of terms, a count thereof as a numeric string,
 *                                                  or WP_Error if any of the taxonomies do not exist.
 *                                                  See the function description for more information.
 */
function get_terms( $args = array(), $deprecated = '' ) {
	$term_query = new WP_Term_Query();

	$defaults = array(
		'suppress_filter' =&gt; false,
	);

	/*
	 * Legacy argument format ($taxonomy, $args) takes precedence.
	 *
	 * We detect legacy argument format by checking if
	 * (a) a second non-empty parameter is passed, or
	 * (b) the first parameter shares no keys with the default array (ie, it's a list of taxonomies)
	 */
	$_args          = wp_parse_args( $args );
	$key_intersect  = array_intersect_key( $term_query-&gt;query_var_defaults, (array) $_args );
	$do_legacy_args = $deprecated || empty( $key_intersect );

	if ( $do_legacy_args ) {
		$taxonomies       = (array) $args;
		$args             = wp_parse_args( $deprecated, $defaults );
		$args['taxonomy'] = $taxonomies;
	} else {
		$args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );
		if ( isset( $args['taxonomy'] ) &amp;&amp; null !== $args['taxonomy'] ) {
			$args['taxonomy'] = (array) $args['taxonomy'];
		}
	}

	if ( ! empty( $args['taxonomy'] ) ) {
		foreach ( $args['taxonomy'] as $taxonomy ) {
			if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
				return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
			}
		}
	}

	// Don't pass suppress_filter to WP_Term_Query.
	$suppress_filter = $args['suppress_filter'];
	unset( $args['suppress_filter'] );

	$terms = $term_query-&gt;query( $args );

	// Count queries are not filtered, for legacy reasons.
	if ( ! is_array( $terms ) ) {
		return $terms;
	}

	if ( $suppress_filter ) {
		return $terms;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the found terms.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 4.6.0 Added the `$term_query` parameter.
	 *
	 * @param array         $terms      Array of found terms.
	 * @param array|null    $taxonomies An array of taxonomies if known.
	 * @param array         $args       An array of get_terms() arguments.
	 * @param WP_Term_Query $term_query The WP_Term_Query object.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'get_terms', $terms, $term_query-&gt;query_vars['taxonomy'], $term_query-&gt;query_vars, $term_query );
}

/**
 * Adds metadata to a term.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id    Term ID.
 * @param string $meta_key   Metadata name.
 * @param mixed  $meta_value Metadata value. Must be serializable if non-scalar.
 * @param bool   $unique     Optional. Whether the same key should not be added.
 *                           Default false.
 * @return int|false|WP_Error Meta ID on success, false on failure.
 *                            WP_Error when term_id is ambiguous between taxonomies.
 */
function add_term_meta( $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false ) {
	if ( wp_term_is_shared( $term_id ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'ambiguous_term_id', __( 'Term meta cannot be added to terms that are shared between taxonomies.' ), $term_id );
	}

	return add_metadata( 'term', $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $unique );
}

/**
 * Removes metadata matching criteria from a term.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id    Term ID.
 * @param string $meta_key   Metadata name.
 * @param mixed  $meta_value Optional. Metadata value. If provided,
 *                           rows will only be removed that match the value.
 *                           Must be serializable if non-scalar. Default empty.
 * @return bool True on success, false on failure.
 */
function delete_term_meta( $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value = '' ) {
	return delete_metadata( 'term', $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value );
}

/**
 * Retrieves metadata for a term.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id Term ID.
 * @param string $key     Optional. The meta key to retrieve. By default,
 *                        returns data for all keys. Default empty.
 * @param bool   $single  Optional. Whether to return a single value.
 *                        This parameter has no effect if `$key` is not specified.
 *                        Default false.
 * @return mixed An array of values if `$single` is false.
 *               The value of the meta field if `$single` is true.
 *               False for an invalid `$term_id` (non-numeric, zero, or negative value).
 *               An empty string if a valid but non-existing term ID is passed.
 */
function get_term_meta( $term_id, $key = '', $single = false ) {
	return get_metadata( 'term', $term_id, $key, $single );
}

/**
 * Updates term metadata.
 *
 * Use the `$prev_value` parameter to differentiate between meta fields with the same key and term ID.
 *
 * If the meta field for the term does not exist, it will be added.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id    Term ID.
 * @param string $meta_key   Metadata key.
 * @param mixed  $meta_value Metadata value. Must be serializable if non-scalar.
 * @param mixed  $prev_value Optional. Previous value to check before updating.
 *                           If specified, only update existing metadata entries with
 *                           this value. Otherwise, update all entries. Default empty.
 * @return int|bool|WP_Error Meta ID if the key didn't exist. true on successful update,
 *                           false on failure or if the value passed to the function
 *                           is the same as the one that is already in the database.
 *                           WP_Error when term_id is ambiguous between taxonomies.
 */
function update_term_meta( $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $prev_value = '' ) {
	if ( wp_term_is_shared( $term_id ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'ambiguous_term_id', __( 'Term meta cannot be added to terms that are shared between taxonomies.' ), $term_id );
	}

	return update_metadata( 'term', $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $prev_value );
}

/**
 * Updates metadata cache for list of term IDs.
 *
 * Performs SQL query to retrieve all metadata for the terms matching `$term_ids` and stores them in the cache.
 * Subsequent calls to `get_term_meta()` will not need to query the database.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param array $term_ids List of term IDs.
 * @return array|false An array of metadata on success, false if there is nothing to update.
 */
function update_termmeta_cache( $term_ids ) {
	return update_meta_cache( 'term', $term_ids );
}

/**
 * Gets all meta data, including meta IDs, for the given term ID.
 *
 * @since 4.9.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int $term_id Term ID.
 * @return array|false Array with meta data, or false when the meta table is not installed.
 */
function has_term_meta( $term_id ) {
	$check = wp_check_term_meta_support_prefilter( null );
	if ( null !== $check ) {
		return $check;
	}

	global $wpdb;

	return $wpdb-&gt;get_results( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT meta_key, meta_value, meta_id, term_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;termmeta WHERE term_id = %d ORDER BY meta_key,meta_id&quot;, $term_id ), ARRAY_A );
}

/**
 * Registers a meta key for terms.
 *
 * @since 4.9.8
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy to register a meta key for. Pass an empty string
 *                         to register the meta key across all existing taxonomies.
 * @param string $meta_key The meta key to register.
 * @param array  $args     Data used to describe the meta key when registered. See
 *                         {@see register_meta()} for a list of supported arguments.
 * @return bool True if the meta key was successfully registered, false if not.
 */
function register_term_meta( $taxonomy, $meta_key, array $args ) {
	$args['object_subtype'] = $taxonomy;

	return register_meta( 'term', $meta_key, $args );
}

/**
 * Unregisters a meta key for terms.
 *
 * @since 4.9.8
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy the meta key is currently registered for. Pass
 *                         an empty string if the meta key is registered across all
 *                         existing taxonomies.
 * @param string $meta_key The meta key to unregister.
 * @return bool True on success, false if the meta key was not previously registered.
 */
function unregister_term_meta( $taxonomy, $meta_key ) {
	return unregister_meta_key( 'term', $meta_key, $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Determines whether a taxonomy term exists.
 *
 * Formerly is_term(), introduced in 2.3.0.
 *
 * For more information on this and similar theme functions, check out
 * the {@link https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/conditional-tags/
 * Conditional Tags} article in the Theme Developer Handbook.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @since 6.0.0 Converted to use `get_terms()`.
 *
 * @global bool $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation
 *
 * @param int|string $term        The term to check. Accepts term ID, slug, or name.
 * @param string     $taxonomy    Optional. The taxonomy name to use.
 * @param int        $parent_term Optional. ID of parent term under which to confine the exists search.
 * @return mixed Returns null if the term does not exist.
 *               Returns the term ID if no taxonomy is specified and the term ID exists.
 *               Returns an array of the term ID and the term taxonomy ID if the taxonomy is specified and the pairing exists.
 *               Returns 0 if term ID 0 is passed to the function.
 */
function term_exists( $term, $taxonomy = '', $parent_term = null ) {
	global $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation;

	if ( null === $term ) {
		return null;
	}

	$defaults = array(
		'get'                    =&gt; 'all',
		'fields'                 =&gt; 'ids',
		'number'                 =&gt; 1,
		'update_term_meta_cache' =&gt; false,
		'order'                  =&gt; 'ASC',
		'orderby'                =&gt; 'term_id',
		'suppress_filter'        =&gt; true,
	);

	// Ensure that while importing, queries are not cached.
	if ( ! empty( $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation ) ) {
		// @todo Disable caching once #52710 is merged.
		$defaults['cache_domain'] = microtime();
	}

	if ( ! empty( $taxonomy ) ) {
		$defaults['taxonomy'] = $taxonomy;
		$defaults['fields']   = 'all';
	}

	/**
	 * Filters default query arguments for checking if a term exists.
	 *
	 * @since 6.0.0
	 *
	 * @param array      $defaults    An array of arguments passed to get_terms().
	 * @param int|string $term        The term to check. Accepts term ID, slug, or name.
	 * @param string     $taxonomy    The taxonomy name to use. An empty string indicates
	 *                                the search is against all taxonomies.
	 * @param int|null   $parent_term ID of parent term under which to confine the exists search.
	 *                                Null indicates the search is unconfined.
	 */
	$defaults = apply_filters( 'term_exists_default_query_args', $defaults, $term, $taxonomy, $parent_term );

	if ( is_int( $term ) ) {
		if ( 0 === $term ) {
			return 0;
		}
		$args  = wp_parse_args( array( 'include' =&gt; array( $term ) ), $defaults );
		$terms = get_terms( $args );
	} else {
		$term = trim( wp_unslash( $term ) );
		if ( '' === $term ) {
			return null;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $taxonomy ) &amp;&amp; is_numeric( $parent_term ) ) {
			$defaults['parent'] = (int) $parent_term;
		}

		$args  = wp_parse_args( array( 'slug' =&gt; sanitize_title( $term ) ), $defaults );
		$terms = get_terms( $args );
		if ( empty( $terms ) || is_wp_error( $terms ) ) {
			$args  = wp_parse_args( array( 'name' =&gt; $term ), $defaults );
			$terms = get_terms( $args );
		}
	}

	if ( empty( $terms ) || is_wp_error( $terms ) ) {
		return null;
	}

	$_term = array_shift( $terms );

	if ( ! empty( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return array(
			'term_id'          =&gt; (string) $_term-&gt;term_id,
			'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; (string) $_term-&gt;term_taxonomy_id,
		);
	}

	return (string) $_term;
}

/**
 * Checks if a term is an ancestor of another term.
 *
 * You can use either an ID or the term object for both parameters.
 *
 * @since 3.4.0
 *
 * @param int|object $term1    ID or object to check if this is the parent term.
 * @param int|object $term2    The child term.
 * @param string     $taxonomy Taxonomy name that $term1 and `$term2` belong to.
 * @return bool Whether `$term2` is a child of `$term1`.
 */
function term_is_ancestor_of( $term1, $term2, $taxonomy ) {
	if ( ! isset( $term1-&gt;term_id ) ) {
		$term1 = get_term( $term1, $taxonomy );
	}
	if ( ! isset( $term2-&gt;parent ) ) {
		$term2 = get_term( $term2, $taxonomy );
	}

	if ( empty( $term1-&gt;term_id ) || empty( $term2-&gt;parent ) ) {
		return false;
	}
	if ( $term2-&gt;parent === $term1-&gt;term_id ) {
		return true;
	}

	return term_is_ancestor_of( $term1, get_term( $term2-&gt;parent, $taxonomy ), $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes all term fields.
 *
 * Relies on sanitize_term_field() to sanitize the term. The difference is that
 * this function will sanitize **all** fields. The context is based
 * on sanitize_term_field().
 *
 * The `$term` is expected to be either an array or an object.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param array|object $term     The term to check.
 * @param string       $taxonomy The taxonomy name to use.
 * @param string       $context  Optional. Context in which to sanitize the term.
 *                               Accepts 'raw', 'edit', 'db', 'display', 'rss',
 *                               'attribute', or 'js'. Default 'display'.
 * @return array|object Term with all fields sanitized.
 */
function sanitize_term( $term, $taxonomy, $context = 'display' ) {
	$fields = array( 'term_id', 'name', 'description', 'slug', 'count', 'parent', 'term_group', 'term_taxonomy_id', 'object_id' );

	$do_object = is_object( $term );

	$term_id = $do_object ? $term-&gt;term_id : ( isset( $term['term_id'] ) ? $term['term_id'] : 0 );

	foreach ( (array) $fields as $field ) {
		if ( $do_object ) {
			if ( isset( $term-&gt;$field ) ) {
				$term-&gt;$field = sanitize_term_field( $field, $term-&gt;$field, $term_id, $taxonomy, $context );
			}
		} else {
			if ( isset( $term[ $field ] ) ) {
				$term[ $field ] = sanitize_term_field( $field, $term[ $field ], $term_id, $taxonomy, $context );
			}
		}
	}

	if ( $do_object ) {
		$term-&gt;filter = $context;
	} else {
		$term['filter'] = $context;
	}

	return $term;
}

/**
 * Sanitizes the field value in the term based on the context.
 *
 * Passing a term field value through the function should be assumed to have
 * cleansed the value for whatever context the term field is going to be used.
 *
 * If no context or an unsupported context is given, then default filters will
 * be applied.
 *
 * There are enough filters for each context to support a custom filtering
 * without creating your own filter function. Simply create a function that
 * hooks into the filter you need.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $field    Term field to sanitize.
 * @param string $value    Search for this term value.
 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @param string $context  Context in which to sanitize the term field.
 *                         Accepts 'raw', 'edit', 'db', 'display', 'rss',
 *                         'attribute', or 'js'. Default 'display'.
 * @return mixed Sanitized field.
 */
function sanitize_term_field( $field, $value, $term_id, $taxonomy, $context ) {
	$int_fields = array( 'parent', 'term_id', 'count', 'term_group', 'term_taxonomy_id', 'object_id' );
	if ( in_array( $field, $int_fields, true ) ) {
		$value = (int) $value;
		if ( $value &lt; 0 ) {
			$value = 0;
		}
	}

	$context = strtolower( $context );

	if ( 'raw' === $context ) {
		return $value;
	}

	if ( 'edit' === $context ) {

		/**
		 * Filters a term field to edit before it is sanitized.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$field`, refers to the term field.
		 *
		 * @since 2.3.0
		 *
		 * @param mixed $value     Value of the term field.
		 * @param int   $term_id   Term ID.
		 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
		 */
		$value = apply_filters( &quot;edit_term_{$field}&quot;, $value, $term_id, $taxonomy );

		/**
		 * Filters the taxonomy field to edit before it is sanitized.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portions of the filter name, `$taxonomy` and `$field`, refer
		 * to the taxonomy slug and taxonomy field, respectively.
		 *
		 * @since 2.3.0
		 *
		 * @param mixed $value   Value of the taxonomy field to edit.
		 * @param int   $term_id Term ID.
		 */
		$value = apply_filters( &quot;edit_{$taxonomy}_{$field}&quot;, $value, $term_id );

		if ( 'description' === $field ) {
			$value = esc_html( $value ); // textarea_escaped
		} else {
			$value = esc_attr( $value );
		}
	} elseif ( 'db' === $context ) {

		/**
		 * Filters a term field value before it is sanitized.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$field`, refers to the term field.
		 *
		 * @since 2.3.0
		 *
		 * @param mixed  $value    Value of the term field.
		 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
		 */
		$value = apply_filters( &quot;pre_term_{$field}&quot;, $value, $taxonomy );

		/**
		 * Filters a taxonomy field before it is sanitized.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portions of the filter name, `$taxonomy` and `$field`, refer
		 * to the taxonomy slug and field name, respectively.
		 *
		 * @since 2.3.0
		 *
		 * @param mixed $value Value of the taxonomy field.
		 */
		$value = apply_filters( &quot;pre_{$taxonomy}_{$field}&quot;, $value );

		// Back compat filters.
		if ( 'slug' === $field ) {
			/**
			 * Filters the category nicename before it is sanitized.
			 *
			 * Use the {@see 'pre_$taxonomy_$field'} hook instead.
			 *
			 * @since 2.0.3
			 *
			 * @param string $value The category nicename.
			 */
			$value = apply_filters( 'pre_category_nicename', $value );
		}
	} elseif ( 'rss' === $context ) {

		/**
		 * Filters the term field for use in RSS.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$field`, refers to the term field.
		 *
		 * @since 2.3.0
		 *
		 * @param mixed  $value    Value of the term field.
		 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
		 */
		$value = apply_filters( &quot;term_{$field}_rss&quot;, $value, $taxonomy );

		/**
		 * Filters the taxonomy field for use in RSS.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portions of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, and `$field`, refer
		 * to the taxonomy slug and field name, respectively.
		 *
		 * @since 2.3.0
		 *
		 * @param mixed $value Value of the taxonomy field.
		 */
		$value = apply_filters( &quot;{$taxonomy}_{$field}_rss&quot;, $value );
	} else {
		// Use display filters by default.

		/**
		 * Filters the term field sanitized for display.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$field`, refers to the term field name.
		 *
		 * @since 2.3.0
		 *
		 * @param mixed  $value    Value of the term field.
		 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
		 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
		 * @param string $context  Context to retrieve the term field value.
		 */
		$value = apply_filters( &quot;term_{$field}&quot;, $value, $term_id, $taxonomy, $context );

		/**
		 * Filters the taxonomy field sanitized for display.
		 *
		 * The dynamic portions of the filter name, `$taxonomy`, and `$field`, refer
		 * to the taxonomy slug and taxonomy field, respectively.
		 *
		 * @since 2.3.0
		 *
		 * @param mixed  $value   Value of the taxonomy field.
		 * @param int    $term_id Term ID.
		 * @param string $context Context to retrieve the taxonomy field value.
		 */
		$value = apply_filters( &quot;{$taxonomy}_{$field}&quot;, $value, $term_id, $context );
	}

	if ( 'attribute' === $context ) {
		$value = esc_attr( $value );
	} elseif ( 'js' === $context ) {
		$value = esc_js( $value );
	}

	// Restore the type for integer fields after esc_attr().
	if ( in_array( $field, $int_fields, true ) ) {
		$value = (int) $value;
	}

	return $value;
}

/**
 * Counts how many terms are in taxonomy.
 *
 * Default $args is 'hide_empty' which can be 'hide_empty=true' or array('hide_empty' =&gt; true).
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 5.6.0 Changed the function signature so that the `$args` array can be provided as the first parameter.
 *
 * @internal The `$deprecated` parameter is parsed for backward compatibility only.
 *
 * @param array|string $args       Optional. Array or string of arguments. See WP_Term_Query::__construct()
 *                                 for information on accepted arguments. Default empty array.
 * @param array|string $deprecated Optional. Argument array, when using the legacy function parameter format.
 *                                 If present, this parameter will be interpreted as `$args`, and the first
 *                                 function parameter will be parsed as a taxonomy or array of taxonomies.
 *                                 Default empty.
 * @return string|WP_Error Numeric string containing the number of terms in that
 *                         taxonomy or WP_Error if the taxonomy does not exist.
 */
function wp_count_terms( $args = array(), $deprecated = '' ) {
	$use_legacy_args = false;

	// Check whether function is used with legacy signature: `$taxonomy` and `$args`.
	if ( $args
		&amp;&amp; ( is_string( $args ) &amp;&amp; taxonomy_exists( $args )
			|| is_array( $args ) &amp;&amp; wp_is_numeric_array( $args ) )
	) {
		$use_legacy_args = true;
	}

	$defaults = array( 'hide_empty' =&gt; false );

	if ( $use_legacy_args ) {
		$defaults['taxonomy'] = $args;
		$args                 = $deprecated;
	}

	$args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	// Backward compatibility.
	if ( isset( $args['ignore_empty'] ) ) {
		$args['hide_empty'] = $args['ignore_empty'];
		unset( $args['ignore_empty'] );
	}

	$args['fields'] = 'count';

	return get_terms( $args );
}

/**
 * Unlinks the object from the taxonomy or taxonomies.
 *
 * Will remove all relationships between the object and any terms in
 * a particular taxonomy or taxonomies. Does not remove the term or
 * taxonomy itself.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param int          $object_id  The term object ID that refers to the term.
 * @param string|array $taxonomies List of taxonomy names or single taxonomy name.
 */
function wp_delete_object_term_relationships( $object_id, $taxonomies ) {
	$object_id = (int) $object_id;

	if ( ! is_array( $taxonomies ) ) {
		$taxonomies = array( $taxonomies );
	}

	foreach ( (array) $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
		$term_ids = wp_get_object_terms( $object_id, $taxonomy, array( 'fields' =&gt; 'ids' ) );
		$term_ids = array_map( 'intval', $term_ids );
		wp_remove_object_terms( $object_id, $term_ids, $taxonomy );
	}
}

/**
 * Removes a term from the database.
 *
 * If the term is a parent of other terms, then the children will be updated to
 * that term's parent.
 *
 * Metadata associated with the term will be deleted.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int          $term     Term ID.
 * @param string       $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @param array|string $args {
 *     Optional. Array of arguments to override the default term ID. Default empty array.
 *
 *     @type int  $default       The term ID to make the default term. This will only override
 *                               the terms found if there is only one term found. Any other and
 *                               the found terms are used.
 *     @type bool $force_default Optional. Whether to force the supplied term as default to be
 *                               assigned even if the object was not going to be term-less.
 *                               Default false.
 * }
 * @return bool|int|WP_Error True on success, false if term does not exist. Zero on attempted
 *                           deletion of default Category. WP_Error if the taxonomy does not exist.
 */
function wp_delete_term( $term, $taxonomy, $args = array() ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$term = (int) $term;

	$ids = term_exists( $term, $taxonomy );
	if ( ! $ids ) {
		return false;
	}
	if ( is_wp_error( $ids ) ) {
		return $ids;
	}

	$tt_id = $ids['term_taxonomy_id'];

	$defaults = array();

	if ( 'category' === $taxonomy ) {
		$defaults['default'] = (int) get_option( 'default_category' );
		if ( $defaults['default'] === $term ) {
			return 0; // Don't delete the default category.
		}
	}

	// Don't delete the default custom taxonomy term.
	$taxonomy_object = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
	if ( ! empty( $taxonomy_object-&gt;default_term ) ) {
		$defaults['default'] = (int) get_option( 'default_term_' . $taxonomy );
		if ( $defaults['default'] === $term ) {
			return 0;
		}
	}

	$args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	if ( isset( $args['default'] ) ) {
		$default = (int) $args['default'];
		if ( ! term_exists( $default, $taxonomy ) ) {
			unset( $default );
		}
	}

	if ( isset( $args['force_default'] ) ) {
		$force_default = $args['force_default'];
	}

	/**
	 * Fires when deleting a term, before any modifications are made to posts or terms.
	 *
	 * @since 4.1.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $term     Term ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
	 */
	do_action( 'pre_delete_term', $term, $taxonomy );

	// Update children to point to new parent.
	if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $taxonomy ) ) {
		$term_obj = get_term( $term, $taxonomy );
		if ( is_wp_error( $term_obj ) ) {
			return $term_obj;
		}
		$parent = $term_obj-&gt;parent;

		$edit_ids    = $wpdb-&gt;get_results( &quot;SELECT term_id, term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy WHERE `parent` = &quot; . (int) $term_obj-&gt;term_id );
		$edit_tt_ids = wp_list_pluck( $edit_ids, 'term_taxonomy_id' );

		/**
		 * Fires immediately before a term to delete's children are reassigned a parent.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0
		 *
		 * @param array $edit_tt_ids An array of term taxonomy IDs for the given term.
		 */
		do_action( 'edit_term_taxonomies', $edit_tt_ids );

		$wpdb-&gt;update( $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy, compact( 'parent' ), array( 'parent' =&gt; $term_obj-&gt;term_id ) + compact( 'taxonomy' ) );

		// Clean the cache for all child terms.
		$edit_term_ids = wp_list_pluck( $edit_ids, 'term_id' );
		clean_term_cache( $edit_term_ids, $taxonomy );

		/**
		 * Fires immediately after a term to delete's children are reassigned a parent.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0
		 *
		 * @param array $edit_tt_ids An array of term taxonomy IDs for the given term.
		 */
		do_action( 'edited_term_taxonomies', $edit_tt_ids );
	}

	// Get the term before deleting it or its term relationships so we can pass to actions below.
	$deleted_term = get_term( $term, $taxonomy );

	$object_ids = (array) $wpdb-&gt;get_col( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT object_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_relationships WHERE term_taxonomy_id = %d&quot;, $tt_id ) );

	foreach ( $object_ids as $object_id ) {
		if ( ! isset( $default ) ) {
			wp_remove_object_terms( $object_id, $term, $taxonomy );
			continue;
		}

		$terms = wp_get_object_terms(
			$object_id,
			$taxonomy,
			array(
				'fields'  =&gt; 'ids',
				'orderby' =&gt; 'none',
			)
		);

		if ( 1 === count( $terms ) &amp;&amp; isset( $default ) ) {
			$terms = array( $default );
		} else {
			$terms = array_diff( $terms, array( $term ) );
			if ( isset( $default ) &amp;&amp; isset( $force_default ) &amp;&amp; $force_default ) {
				$terms = array_merge( $terms, array( $default ) );
			}
		}

		$terms = array_map( 'intval', $terms );
		wp_set_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy );
	}

	// Clean the relationship caches for all object types using this term.
	$tax_object = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
	foreach ( $tax_object-&gt;object_type as $object_type ) {
		clean_object_term_cache( $object_ids, $object_type );
	}

	$term_meta_ids = $wpdb-&gt;get_col( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT meta_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;termmeta WHERE term_id = %d &quot;, $term ) );
	foreach ( $term_meta_ids as $mid ) {
		delete_metadata_by_mid( 'term', $mid );
	}

	/**
	 * Fires immediately before a term taxonomy ID is deleted.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param int $tt_id Term taxonomy ID.
	 */
	do_action( 'delete_term_taxonomy', $tt_id );

	$wpdb-&gt;delete( $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy, array( 'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $tt_id ) );

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after a term taxonomy ID is deleted.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 *
	 * @param int $tt_id Term taxonomy ID.
	 */
	do_action( 'deleted_term_taxonomy', $tt_id );

	// Delete the term if no taxonomies use it.
	if ( ! $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy WHERE term_id = %d&quot;, $term ) ) ) {
		$wpdb-&gt;delete( $wpdb-&gt;terms, array( 'term_id' =&gt; $term ) );
	}

	clean_term_cache( $term, $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Fires after a term is deleted from the database and the cache is cleaned.
	 *
	 * The {@see 'delete_$taxonomy'} hook is also available for targeting a specific
	 * taxonomy.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 * @since 4.5.0 Introduced the `$object_ids` argument.
	 *
	 * @param int     $term         Term ID.
	 * @param int     $tt_id        Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string  $taxonomy     Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param WP_Term $deleted_term Copy of the already-deleted term.
	 * @param array   $object_ids   List of term object IDs.
	 */
	do_action( 'delete_term', $term, $tt_id, $taxonomy, $deleted_term, $object_ids );

	/**
	 * Fires after a term in a specific taxonomy is deleted.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the specific
	 * taxonomy the term belonged to.
	 *
	 * Possible hook names include:
	 *
	 *  - `delete_category`
	 *  - `delete_post_tag`
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 4.5.0 Introduced the `$object_ids` argument.
	 *
	 * @param int     $term         Term ID.
	 * @param int     $tt_id        Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param WP_Term $deleted_term Copy of the already-deleted term.
	 * @param array   $object_ids   List of term object IDs.
	 */
	do_action( &quot;delete_{$taxonomy}&quot;, $term, $tt_id, $deleted_term, $object_ids );

	return true;
}

/**
 * Deletes one existing category.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @param int $cat_id Category term ID.
 * @return bool|int|WP_Error Returns true if completes delete action; false if term doesn't exist;
 *                           Zero on attempted deletion of default Category; WP_Error object is
 *                           also a possibility.
 */
function wp_delete_category( $cat_id ) {
	return wp_delete_term( $cat_id, 'category' );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the terms associated with the given object(s), in the supplied taxonomies.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.2.0 Added support for 'taxonomy', 'parent', and 'term_taxonomy_id' values of `$orderby`.
 *              Introduced `$parent` argument.
 * @since 4.4.0 Introduced `$meta_query` and `$update_term_meta_cache` arguments. When `$fields` is 'all' or
 *              'all_with_object_id', an array of `WP_Term` objects will be returned.
 * @since 4.7.0 Refactored to use WP_Term_Query, and to support any WP_Term_Query arguments.
 *
 * @param int|int[]       $object_ids The ID(s) of the object(s) to retrieve.
 * @param string|string[] $taxonomies The taxonomy names to retrieve terms from.
 * @param array|string    $args       See WP_Term_Query::__construct() for supported arguments.
 * @return WP_Term[]|int[]|string[]|string|WP_Error Array of terms, a count thereof as a numeric string,
 *                                                  or WP_Error if any of the taxonomies do not exist.
 *                                                  See WP_Term_Query::get_terms() for more information.
 */
function wp_get_object_terms( $object_ids, $taxonomies, $args = array() ) {
	if ( empty( $object_ids ) || empty( $taxonomies ) ) {
		return array();
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $taxonomies ) ) {
		$taxonomies = array( $taxonomies );
	}

	foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
		if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
			return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
		}
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $object_ids ) ) {
		$object_ids = array( $object_ids );
	}
	$object_ids = array_map( 'intval', $object_ids );

	$args = wp_parse_args( $args );

	/**
	 * Filters arguments for retrieving object terms.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param array    $args       An array of arguments for retrieving terms for the given object(s).
	 *                             See {@see wp_get_object_terms()} for details.
	 * @param int[]    $object_ids Array of object IDs.
	 * @param string[] $taxonomies Array of taxonomy names to retrieve terms from.
	 */
	$args = apply_filters( 'wp_get_object_terms_args', $args, $object_ids, $taxonomies );

	/*
	 * When one or more queried taxonomies is registered with an 'args' array,
	 * those params override the `$args` passed to this function.
	 */
	$terms = array();
	if ( count( $taxonomies ) &gt; 1 ) {
		foreach ( $taxonomies as $index =&gt; $taxonomy ) {
			$t = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
			if ( isset( $t-&gt;args ) &amp;&amp; is_array( $t-&gt;args ) &amp;&amp; array_merge( $args, $t-&gt;args ) != $args ) {
				unset( $taxonomies[ $index ] );
				$terms = array_merge( $terms, wp_get_object_terms( $object_ids, $taxonomy, array_merge( $args, $t-&gt;args ) ) );
			}
		}
	} else {
		$t = get_taxonomy( $taxonomies[0] );
		if ( isset( $t-&gt;args ) &amp;&amp; is_array( $t-&gt;args ) ) {
			$args = array_merge( $args, $t-&gt;args );
		}
	}

	$args['taxonomy']   = $taxonomies;
	$args['object_ids'] = $object_ids;

	// Taxonomies registered without an 'args' param are handled here.
	if ( ! empty( $taxonomies ) ) {
		$terms_from_remaining_taxonomies = get_terms( $args );

		// Array keys should be preserved for values of $fields that use term_id for keys.
		if ( ! empty( $args['fields'] ) &amp;&amp; 0 === strpos( $args['fields'], 'id=&gt;' ) ) {
			$terms = $terms + $terms_from_remaining_taxonomies;
		} else {
			$terms = array_merge( $terms, $terms_from_remaining_taxonomies );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the terms for a given object or objects.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Term[]|int[]|string[]|string $terms      Array of terms or a count thereof as a numeric string.
	 * @param int[]                           $object_ids Array of object IDs for which terms were retrieved.
	 * @param string[]                        $taxonomies Array of taxonomy names from which terms were retrieved.
	 * @param array                           $args       Array of arguments for retrieving terms for the given
	 *                                                    object(s). See wp_get_object_terms() for details.
	 */
	$terms = apply_filters( 'get_object_terms', $terms, $object_ids, $taxonomies, $args );

	$object_ids = implode( ',', $object_ids );
	$taxonomies = &quot;'&quot; . implode( &quot;', '&quot;, array_map( 'esc_sql', $taxonomies ) ) . &quot;'&quot;;

	/**
	 * Filters the terms for a given object or objects.
	 *
	 * The `$taxonomies` parameter passed to this filter is formatted as a SQL fragment. The
	 * {@see 'get_object_terms'} filter is recommended as an alternative.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param WP_Term[]|int[]|string[]|string $terms      Array of terms or a count thereof as a numeric string.
	 * @param string                          $object_ids Comma separated list of object IDs for which terms were retrieved.
	 * @param string                          $taxonomies SQL fragment of taxonomy names from which terms were retrieved.
	 * @param array                           $args       Array of arguments for retrieving terms for the given
	 *                                                    object(s). See wp_get_object_terms() for details.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wp_get_object_terms', $terms, $object_ids, $taxonomies, $args );
}

/**
 * Adds a new term to the database.
 *
 * A non-existent term is inserted in the following sequence:
 * 1. The term is added to the term table, then related to the taxonomy.
 * 2. If everything is correct, several actions are fired.
 * 3. The 'term_id_filter' is evaluated.
 * 4. The term cache is cleaned.
 * 5. Several more actions are fired.
 * 6. An array is returned containing the `term_id` and `term_taxonomy_id`.
 *
 * If the 'slug' argument is not empty, then it is checked to see if the term
 * is invalid. If it is not a valid, existing term, it is added and the term_id
 * is given.
 *
 * If the taxonomy is hierarchical, and the 'parent' argument is not empty,
 * the term is inserted and the term_id will be given.
 *
 * Error handling:
 * If `$taxonomy` does not exist or `$term` is empty,
 * a WP_Error object will be returned.
 *
 * If the term already exists on the same hierarchical level,
 * or the term slug and name are not unique, a WP_Error object will be returned.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string       $term     The term name to add.
 * @param string       $taxonomy The taxonomy to which to add the term.
 * @param array|string $args {
 *     Optional. Array or query string of arguments for inserting a term.
 *
 *     @type string $alias_of    Slug of the term to make this term an alias of.
 *                               Default empty string. Accepts a term slug.
 *     @type string $description The term description. Default empty string.
 *     @type int    $parent      The id of the parent term. Default 0.
 *     @type string $slug        The term slug to use. Default empty string.
 * }
 * @return array|WP_Error {
 *     An array of the new term data, WP_Error otherwise.
 *
 *     @type int        $term_id          The new term ID.
 *     @type int|string $term_taxonomy_id The new term taxonomy ID. Can be a numeric string.
 * }
 */
function wp_insert_term( $term, $taxonomy, $args = array() ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a term before it is sanitized and inserted into the database.
	 *
	 * @since 3.0.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param string|WP_Error $term     The term name to add, or a WP_Error object if there's an error.
	 * @param string          $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array|string    $args     Array or query string of arguments passed to wp_insert_term().
	 */
	$term = apply_filters( 'pre_insert_term', $term, $taxonomy, $args );

	if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
		return $term;
	}

	if ( is_int( $term ) &amp;&amp; 0 === $term ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_term_id', __( 'Invalid term ID.' ) );
	}

	if ( '' === trim( $term ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'empty_term_name', __( 'A name is required for this term.' ) );
	}

	$defaults = array(
		'alias_of'    =&gt; '',
		'description' =&gt; '',
		'parent'      =&gt; 0,
		'slug'        =&gt; '',
	);
	$args     = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	if ( (int) $args['parent'] &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; ! term_exists( (int) $args['parent'] ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'missing_parent', __( 'Parent term does not exist.' ) );
	}

	$args['name']     = $term;
	$args['taxonomy'] = $taxonomy;

	// Coerce null description to strings, to avoid database errors.
	$args['description'] = (string) $args['description'];

	$args = sanitize_term( $args, $taxonomy, 'db' );

	// expected_slashed ($name)
	$name        = wp_unslash( $args['name'] );
	$description = wp_unslash( $args['description'] );
	$parent      = (int) $args['parent'];

	$slug_provided = ! empty( $args['slug'] );
	if ( ! $slug_provided ) {
		$slug = sanitize_title( $name );
	} else {
		$slug = $args['slug'];
	}

	$term_group = 0;
	if ( $args['alias_of'] ) {
		$alias = get_term_by( 'slug', $args['alias_of'], $taxonomy );
		if ( ! empty( $alias-&gt;term_group ) ) {
			// The alias we want is already in a group, so let's use that one.
			$term_group = $alias-&gt;term_group;
		} elseif ( ! empty( $alias-&gt;term_id ) ) {
			/*
			 * The alias is not in a group, so we create a new one
			 * and add the alias to it.
			 */
			$term_group = $wpdb-&gt;get_var( &quot;SELECT MAX(term_group) FROM $wpdb-&gt;terms&quot; ) + 1;

			wp_update_term(
				$alias-&gt;term_id,
				$taxonomy,
				array(
					'term_group' =&gt; $term_group,
				)
			);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Prevent the creation of terms with duplicate names at the same level of a taxonomy hierarchy,
	 * unless a unique slug has been explicitly provided.
	 */
	$name_matches = get_terms(
		array(
			'taxonomy'               =&gt; $taxonomy,
			'name'                   =&gt; $name,
			'hide_empty'             =&gt; false,
			'parent'                 =&gt; $args['parent'],
			'update_term_meta_cache' =&gt; false,
		)
	);

	/*
	 * The `name` match in `get_terms()` doesn't differentiate accented characters,
	 * so we do a stricter comparison here.
	 */
	$name_match = null;
	if ( $name_matches ) {
		foreach ( $name_matches as $_match ) {
			if ( strtolower( $name ) === strtolower( $_match-&gt;name ) ) {
				$name_match = $_match;
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	if ( $name_match ) {
		$slug_match = get_term_by( 'slug', $slug, $taxonomy );
		if ( ! $slug_provided || $name_match-&gt;slug === $slug || $slug_match ) {
			if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $taxonomy ) ) {
				$siblings = get_terms(
					array(
						'taxonomy'               =&gt; $taxonomy,
						'get'                    =&gt; 'all',
						'parent'                 =&gt; $parent,
						'update_term_meta_cache' =&gt; false,
					)
				);

				$existing_term = null;
				$sibling_names = wp_list_pluck( $siblings, 'name' );
				$sibling_slugs = wp_list_pluck( $siblings, 'slug' );

				if ( ( ! $slug_provided || $name_match-&gt;slug === $slug ) &amp;&amp; in_array( $name, $sibling_names, true ) ) {
					$existing_term = $name_match;
				} elseif ( $slug_match &amp;&amp; in_array( $slug, $sibling_slugs, true ) ) {
					$existing_term = $slug_match;
				}

				if ( $existing_term ) {
					return new WP_Error( 'term_exists', __( 'A term with the name provided already exists with this parent.' ), $existing_term-&gt;term_id );
				}
			} else {
				return new WP_Error( 'term_exists', __( 'A term with the name provided already exists in this taxonomy.' ), $name_match-&gt;term_id );
			}
		}
	}

	$slug = wp_unique_term_slug( $slug, (object) $args );

	$data = compact( 'name', 'slug', 'term_group' );

	/**
	 * Filters term data before it is inserted into the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param array  $data     Term data to be inserted.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_insert_term().
	 */
	$data = apply_filters( 'wp_insert_term_data', $data, $taxonomy, $args );

	if ( false === $wpdb-&gt;insert( $wpdb-&gt;terms, $data ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'db_insert_error', __( 'Could not insert term into the database.' ), $wpdb-&gt;last_error );
	}

	$term_id = (int) $wpdb-&gt;insert_id;

	// Seems unreachable. However, is used in the case that a term name is provided, which sanitizes to an empty string.
	if ( empty( $slug ) ) {
		$slug = sanitize_title( $slug, $term_id );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		do_action( 'edit_terms', $term_id, $taxonomy );
		$wpdb-&gt;update( $wpdb-&gt;terms, compact( 'slug' ), compact( 'term_id' ) );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		do_action( 'edited_terms', $term_id, $taxonomy );
	}

	$tt_id = $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT tt.term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy AS tt INNER JOIN $wpdb-&gt;terms AS t ON tt.term_id = t.term_id WHERE tt.taxonomy = %s AND t.term_id = %d&quot;, $taxonomy, $term_id ) );

	if ( ! empty( $tt_id ) ) {
		return array(
			'term_id'          =&gt; $term_id,
			'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $tt_id,
		);
	}

	if ( false === $wpdb-&gt;insert( $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy, compact( 'term_id', 'taxonomy', 'description', 'parent' ) + array( 'count' =&gt; 0 ) ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'db_insert_error', __( 'Could not insert term taxonomy into the database.' ), $wpdb-&gt;last_error );
	}

	$tt_id = (int) $wpdb-&gt;insert_id;

	/*
	 * Sanity check: if we just created a term with the same parent + taxonomy + slug but a higher term_id than
	 * an existing term, then we have unwittingly created a duplicate term. Delete the dupe, and use the term_id
	 * and term_taxonomy_id of the older term instead. Then return out of the function so that the &quot;create&quot; hooks
	 * are not fired.
	 */
	$duplicate_term = $wpdb-&gt;get_row( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT t.term_id, t.slug, tt.term_taxonomy_id, tt.taxonomy FROM $wpdb-&gt;terms AS t INNER JOIN $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy AS tt ON ( tt.term_id = t.term_id ) WHERE t.slug = %s AND tt.parent = %d AND tt.taxonomy = %s AND t.term_id &lt; %d AND tt.term_taxonomy_id != %d&quot;, $slug, $parent, $taxonomy, $term_id, $tt_id ) );

	/**
	 * Filters the duplicate term check that takes place during term creation.
	 *
	 * Term parent + taxonomy + slug combinations are meant to be unique, and wp_insert_term()
	 * performs a last-minute confirmation of this uniqueness before allowing a new term
	 * to be created. Plugins with different uniqueness requirements may use this filter
	 * to bypass or modify the duplicate-term check.
	 *
	 * @since 5.1.0
	 *
	 * @param object $duplicate_term Duplicate term row from terms table, if found.
	 * @param string $term           Term being inserted.
	 * @param string $taxonomy       Taxonomy name.
	 * @param array  $args           Arguments passed to wp_insert_term().
	 * @param int    $tt_id          term_taxonomy_id for the newly created term.
	 */
	$duplicate_term = apply_filters( 'wp_insert_term_duplicate_term_check', $duplicate_term, $term, $taxonomy, $args, $tt_id );

	if ( $duplicate_term ) {
		$wpdb-&gt;delete( $wpdb-&gt;terms, array( 'term_id' =&gt; $term_id ) );
		$wpdb-&gt;delete( $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy, array( 'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $tt_id ) );

		$term_id = (int) $duplicate_term-&gt;term_id;
		$tt_id   = (int) $duplicate_term-&gt;term_taxonomy_id;

		clean_term_cache( $term_id, $taxonomy );
		return array(
			'term_id'          =&gt; $term_id,
			'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $tt_id,
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after a new term is created, before the term cache is cleaned.
	 *
	 * The {@see 'create_$taxonomy'} hook is also available for targeting a specific
	 * taxonomy.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_insert_term().
	 */
	do_action( 'create_term', $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy, $args );

	/**
	 * Fires after a new term is created for a specific taxonomy.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers
	 * to the slug of the taxonomy the term was created for.
	 *
	 * Possible hook names include:
	 *
	 *  - `create_category`
	 *  - `create_post_tag`
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int   $term_id Term ID.
	 * @param int   $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param array $args    Arguments passed to wp_insert_term().
	 */
	do_action( &quot;create_{$taxonomy}&quot;, $term_id, $tt_id, $args );

	/**
	 * Filters the term ID after a new term is created.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int   $term_id Term ID.
	 * @param int   $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param array $args    Arguments passed to wp_insert_term().
	 */
	$term_id = apply_filters( 'term_id_filter', $term_id, $tt_id, $args );

	clean_term_cache( $term_id, $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Fires after a new term is created, and after the term cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * The {@see 'created_$taxonomy'} hook is also available for targeting a specific
	 * taxonomy.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_insert_term().
	 */
	do_action( 'created_term', $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy, $args );

	/**
	 * Fires after a new term in a specific taxonomy is created, and after the term
	 * cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
	 *
	 * Possible hook names include:
	 *
	 *  - `created_category`
	 *  - `created_post_tag`
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int   $term_id Term ID.
	 * @param int   $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param array $args    Arguments passed to wp_insert_term().
	 */
	do_action( &quot;created_{$taxonomy}&quot;, $term_id, $tt_id, $args );

	/**
	 * Fires after a term has been saved, and the term cache has been cleared.
	 *
	 * The {@see 'saved_$taxonomy'} hook is also available for targeting a specific
	 * taxonomy.
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param bool   $update   Whether this is an existing term being updated.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_insert_term().
	 */
	do_action( 'saved_term', $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy, false, $args );

	/**
	 * Fires after a term in a specific taxonomy has been saved, and the term
	 * cache has been cleared.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
	 *
	 * Possible hook names include:
	 *
	 *  - `saved_category`
	 *  - `saved_post_tag`
	 *
	 * @since 5.5.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int   $term_id Term ID.
	 * @param int   $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param bool  $update  Whether this is an existing term being updated.
	 * @param array $args    Arguments passed to wp_insert_term().
	 */
	do_action( &quot;saved_{$taxonomy}&quot;, $term_id, $tt_id, false, $args );

	return array(
		'term_id'          =&gt; $term_id,
		'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $tt_id,
	);
}

/**
 * Creates term and taxonomy relationships.
 *
 * Relates an object (post, link, etc.) to a term and taxonomy type. Creates the
 * term and taxonomy relationship if it doesn't already exist. Creates a term if
 * it doesn't exist (using the slug).
 *
 * A relationship means that the term is grouped in or belongs to the taxonomy.
 * A term has no meaning until it is given context by defining which taxonomy it
 * exists under.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int              $object_id The object to relate to.
 * @param string|int|array $terms     A single term slug, single term ID, or array of either term slugs or IDs.
 *                                    Will replace all existing related terms in this taxonomy. Passing an
 *                                    empty value will remove all related terms.
 * @param string           $taxonomy  The context in which to relate the term to the object.
 * @param bool             $append    Optional. If false will delete difference of terms. Default false.
 * @return array|WP_Error Term taxonomy IDs of the affected terms or WP_Error on failure.
 */
function wp_set_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy, $append = false ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$object_id = (int) $object_id;

	if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $terms ) ) {
		$terms = array( $terms );
	}

	if ( ! $append ) {
		$old_tt_ids = wp_get_object_terms(
			$object_id,
			$taxonomy,
			array(
				'fields'                 =&gt; 'tt_ids',
				'orderby'                =&gt; 'none',
				'update_term_meta_cache' =&gt; false,
			)
		);
	} else {
		$old_tt_ids = array();
	}

	$tt_ids     = array();
	$term_ids   = array();
	$new_tt_ids = array();

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		if ( '' === trim( $term ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		$term_info = term_exists( $term, $taxonomy );

		if ( ! $term_info ) {
			// Skip if a non-existent term ID is passed.
			if ( is_int( $term ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			$term_info = wp_insert_term( $term, $taxonomy );
		}

		if ( is_wp_error( $term_info ) ) {
			return $term_info;
		}

		$term_ids[] = $term_info['term_id'];
		$tt_id      = $term_info['term_taxonomy_id'];
		$tt_ids[]   = $tt_id;

		if ( $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_relationships WHERE object_id = %d AND term_taxonomy_id = %d&quot;, $object_id, $tt_id ) ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		/**
		 * Fires immediately before an object-term relationship is added.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
		 *
		 * @param int    $object_id Object ID.
		 * @param int    $tt_id     Term taxonomy ID.
		 * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
		 */
		do_action( 'add_term_relationship', $object_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );

		$wpdb-&gt;insert(
			$wpdb-&gt;term_relationships,
			array(
				'object_id'        =&gt; $object_id,
				'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $tt_id,
			)
		);

		/**
		 * Fires immediately after an object-term relationship is added.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
		 *
		 * @param int    $object_id Object ID.
		 * @param int    $tt_id     Term taxonomy ID.
		 * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
		 */
		do_action( 'added_term_relationship', $object_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );

		$new_tt_ids[] = $tt_id;
	}

	if ( $new_tt_ids ) {
		wp_update_term_count( $new_tt_ids, $taxonomy );
	}

	if ( ! $append ) {
		$delete_tt_ids = array_diff( $old_tt_ids, $tt_ids );

		if ( $delete_tt_ids ) {
			$in_delete_tt_ids = &quot;'&quot; . implode( &quot;', '&quot;, $delete_tt_ids ) . &quot;'&quot;;
			$delete_term_ids  = $wpdb-&gt;get_col( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT tt.term_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy AS tt WHERE tt.taxonomy = %s AND tt.term_taxonomy_id IN ($in_delete_tt_ids)&quot;, $taxonomy ) );
			$delete_term_ids  = array_map( 'intval', $delete_term_ids );

			$remove = wp_remove_object_terms( $object_id, $delete_term_ids, $taxonomy );
			if ( is_wp_error( $remove ) ) {
				return $remove;
			}
		}
	}

	$t = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );

	if ( ! $append &amp;&amp; isset( $t-&gt;sort ) &amp;&amp; $t-&gt;sort ) {
		$values     = array();
		$term_order = 0;

		$final_tt_ids = wp_get_object_terms(
			$object_id,
			$taxonomy,
			array(
				'fields'                 =&gt; 'tt_ids',
				'update_term_meta_cache' =&gt; false,
			)
		);

		foreach ( $tt_ids as $tt_id ) {
			if ( in_array( (int) $tt_id, $final_tt_ids, true ) ) {
				$values[] = $wpdb-&gt;prepare( '(%d, %d, %d)', $object_id, $tt_id, ++$term_order );
			}
		}

		if ( $values ) {
			if ( false === $wpdb-&gt;query( &quot;INSERT INTO $wpdb-&gt;term_relationships (object_id, term_taxonomy_id, term_order) VALUES &quot; . implode( ',', $values ) . ' ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE term_order = VALUES(term_order)' ) ) {
				return new WP_Error( 'db_insert_error', __( 'Could not insert term relationship into the database.' ), $wpdb-&gt;last_error );
			}
		}
	}

	wp_cache_delete( $object_id, $taxonomy . '_relationships' );
	wp_cache_delete( 'last_changed', 'terms' );

	/**
	 * Fires after an object's terms have been set.
	 *
	 * @since 2.8.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $object_id  Object ID.
	 * @param array  $terms      An array of object term IDs or slugs.
	 * @param array  $tt_ids     An array of term taxonomy IDs.
	 * @param string $taxonomy   Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param bool   $append     Whether to append new terms to the old terms.
	 * @param array  $old_tt_ids Old array of term taxonomy IDs.
	 */
	do_action( 'set_object_terms', $object_id, $terms, $tt_ids, $taxonomy, $append, $old_tt_ids );

	return $tt_ids;
}

/**
 * Adds term(s) associated with a given object.
 *
 * @since 3.6.0
 *
 * @param int              $object_id The ID of the object to which the terms will be added.
 * @param string|int|array $terms     The slug(s) or ID(s) of the term(s) to add.
 * @param array|string     $taxonomy  Taxonomy name.
 * @return array|WP_Error Term taxonomy IDs of the affected terms.
 */
function wp_add_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy ) {
	return wp_set_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy, true );
}

/**
 * Removes term(s) associated with a given object.
 *
 * @since 3.6.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int              $object_id The ID of the object from which the terms will be removed.
 * @param string|int|array $terms     The slug(s) or ID(s) of the term(s) to remove.
 * @param string           $taxonomy  Taxonomy name.
 * @return bool|WP_Error True on success, false or WP_Error on failure.
 */
function wp_remove_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$object_id = (int) $object_id;

	if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $terms ) ) {
		$terms = array( $terms );
	}

	$tt_ids = array();

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		if ( '' === trim( $term ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		$term_info = term_exists( $term, $taxonomy );
		if ( ! $term_info ) {
			// Skip if a non-existent term ID is passed.
			if ( is_int( $term ) ) {
				continue;
			}
		}

		if ( is_wp_error( $term_info ) ) {
			return $term_info;
		}

		$tt_ids[] = $term_info['term_taxonomy_id'];
	}

	if ( $tt_ids ) {
		$in_tt_ids = &quot;'&quot; . implode( &quot;', '&quot;, $tt_ids ) . &quot;'&quot;;

		/**
		 * Fires immediately before an object-term relationship is deleted.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
		 *
		 * @param int    $object_id Object ID.
		 * @param array  $tt_ids    An array of term taxonomy IDs.
		 * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
		 */
		do_action( 'delete_term_relationships', $object_id, $tt_ids, $taxonomy );

		$deleted = $wpdb-&gt;query( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;DELETE FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_relationships WHERE object_id = %d AND term_taxonomy_id IN ($in_tt_ids)&quot;, $object_id ) );

		wp_cache_delete( $object_id, $taxonomy . '_relationships' );
		wp_cache_delete( 'last_changed', 'terms' );

		/**
		 * Fires immediately after an object-term relationship is deleted.
		 *
		 * @since 2.9.0
		 * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
		 *
		 * @param int    $object_id Object ID.
		 * @param array  $tt_ids    An array of term taxonomy IDs.
		 * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
		 */
		do_action( 'deleted_term_relationships', $object_id, $tt_ids, $taxonomy );

		wp_update_term_count( $tt_ids, $taxonomy );

		return (bool) $deleted;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Makes term slug unique, if it isn't already.
 *
 * The `$slug` has to be unique global to every taxonomy, meaning that one
 * taxonomy term can't have a matching slug with another taxonomy term. Each
 * slug has to be globally unique for every taxonomy.
 *
 * The way this works is that if the taxonomy that the term belongs to is
 * hierarchical and has a parent, it will append that parent to the $slug.
 *
 * If that still doesn't return a unique slug, then it tries to append a number
 * until it finds a number that is truly unique.
 *
 * The only purpose for `$term` is for appending a parent, if one exists.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $slug The string that will be tried for a unique slug.
 * @param object $term The term object that the `$slug` will belong to.
 * @return string Will return a true unique slug.
 */
function wp_unique_term_slug( $slug, $term ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$needs_suffix  = true;
	$original_slug = $slug;

	// As of 4.1, duplicate slugs are allowed as long as they're in different taxonomies.
	if ( ! term_exists( $slug ) || get_option( 'db_version' ) &gt;= 30133 &amp;&amp; ! get_term_by( 'slug', $slug, $term-&gt;taxonomy ) ) {
		$needs_suffix = false;
	}

	/*
	 * If the taxonomy supports hierarchy and the term has a parent, make the slug unique
	 * by incorporating parent slugs.
	 */
	$parent_suffix = '';
	if ( $needs_suffix &amp;&amp; is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $term-&gt;taxonomy ) &amp;&amp; ! empty( $term-&gt;parent ) ) {
		$the_parent = $term-&gt;parent;
		while ( ! empty( $the_parent ) ) {
			$parent_term = get_term( $the_parent, $term-&gt;taxonomy );
			if ( is_wp_error( $parent_term ) || empty( $parent_term ) ) {
				break;
			}
			$parent_suffix .= '-' . $parent_term-&gt;slug;
			if ( ! term_exists( $slug . $parent_suffix ) ) {
				break;
			}

			if ( empty( $parent_term-&gt;parent ) ) {
				break;
			}
			$the_parent = $parent_term-&gt;parent;
		}
	}

	// If we didn't get a unique slug, try appending a number to make it unique.

	/**
	 * Filters whether the proposed unique term slug is bad.
	 *
	 * @since 4.3.0
	 *
	 * @param bool   $needs_suffix Whether the slug needs to be made unique with a suffix.
	 * @param string $slug         The slug.
	 * @param object $term         Term object.
	 */
	if ( apply_filters( 'wp_unique_term_slug_is_bad_slug', $needs_suffix, $slug, $term ) ) {
		if ( $parent_suffix ) {
			$slug .= $parent_suffix;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $term-&gt;term_id ) ) {
			$query = $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT slug FROM $wpdb-&gt;terms WHERE slug = %s AND term_id != %d&quot;, $slug, $term-&gt;term_id );
		} else {
			$query = $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT slug FROM $wpdb-&gt;terms WHERE slug = %s&quot;, $slug );
		}

		if ( $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $query ) ) { // phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.NotPrepared
			$num = 2;
			do {
				$alt_slug = $slug . &quot;-$num&quot;;
				$num++;
				$slug_check = $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT slug FROM $wpdb-&gt;terms WHERE slug = %s&quot;, $alt_slug ) );
			} while ( $slug_check );
			$slug = $alt_slug;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the unique term slug.
	 *
	 * @since 4.3.0
	 *
	 * @param string $slug          Unique term slug.
	 * @param object $term          Term object.
	 * @param string $original_slug Slug originally passed to the function for testing.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wp_unique_term_slug', $slug, $term, $original_slug );
}

/**
 * Updates term based on arguments provided.
 *
 * The `$args` will indiscriminately override all values with the same field name.
 * Care must be taken to not override important information need to update or
 * update will fail (or perhaps create a new term, neither would be acceptable).
 *
 * Defaults will set 'alias_of', 'description', 'parent', and 'slug' if not
 * defined in `$args` already.
 *
 * 'alias_of' will create a term group, if it doesn't already exist, and
 * update it for the `$term`.
 *
 * If the 'slug' argument in `$args` is missing, then the 'name' will be used.
 * If you set 'slug' and it isn't unique, then a WP_Error is returned.
 * If you don't pass any slug, then a unique one will be created.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int          $term_id  The ID of the term.
 * @param string       $taxonomy The taxonomy of the term.
 * @param array        $args {
 *     Optional. Array of arguments for updating a term.
 *
 *     @type string $alias_of    Slug of the term to make this term an alias of.
 *                               Default empty string. Accepts a term slug.
 *     @type string $description The term description. Default empty string.
 *     @type int    $parent      The id of the parent term. Default 0.
 *     @type string $slug        The term slug to use. Default empty string.
 * }
 * @return array|WP_Error An array containing the `term_id` and `term_taxonomy_id`,
 *                        WP_Error otherwise.
 */
function wp_update_term( $term_id, $taxonomy, $args = array() ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
	}

	$term_id = (int) $term_id;

	// First, get all of the original args.
	$term = get_term( $term_id, $taxonomy );

	if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
		return $term;
	}

	if ( ! $term ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_term', __( 'Empty Term.' ) );
	}

	$term = (array) $term-&gt;data;

	// Escape data pulled from DB.
	$term = wp_slash( $term );

	// Merge old and new args with new args overwriting old ones.
	$args = array_merge( $term, $args );

	$defaults    = array(
		'alias_of'    =&gt; '',
		'description' =&gt; '',
		'parent'      =&gt; 0,
		'slug'        =&gt; '',
	);
	$args        = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );
	$args        = sanitize_term( $args, $taxonomy, 'db' );
	$parsed_args = $args;

	// expected_slashed ($name)
	$name        = wp_unslash( $args['name'] );
	$description = wp_unslash( $args['description'] );

	$parsed_args['name']        = $name;
	$parsed_args['description'] = $description;

	if ( '' === trim( $name ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'empty_term_name', __( 'A name is required for this term.' ) );
	}

	if ( (int) $parsed_args['parent'] &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; ! term_exists( (int) $parsed_args['parent'] ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'missing_parent', __( 'Parent term does not exist.' ) );
	}

	$empty_slug = false;
	if ( empty( $args['slug'] ) ) {
		$empty_slug = true;
		$slug       = sanitize_title( $name );
	} else {
		$slug = $args['slug'];
	}

	$parsed_args['slug'] = $slug;

	$term_group = isset( $parsed_args['term_group'] ) ? $parsed_args['term_group'] : 0;
	if ( $args['alias_of'] ) {
		$alias = get_term_by( 'slug', $args['alias_of'], $taxonomy );
		if ( ! empty( $alias-&gt;term_group ) ) {
			// The alias we want is already in a group, so let's use that one.
			$term_group = $alias-&gt;term_group;
		} elseif ( ! empty( $alias-&gt;term_id ) ) {
			/*
			 * The alias is not in a group, so we create a new one
			 * and add the alias to it.
			 */
			$term_group = $wpdb-&gt;get_var( &quot;SELECT MAX(term_group) FROM $wpdb-&gt;terms&quot; ) + 1;

			wp_update_term(
				$alias-&gt;term_id,
				$taxonomy,
				array(
					'term_group' =&gt; $term_group,
				)
			);
		}

		$parsed_args['term_group'] = $term_group;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the term parent.
	 *
	 * Hook to this filter to see if it will cause a hierarchy loop.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $parent_term ID of the parent term.
	 * @param int    $term_id     Term ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy    Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $parsed_args An array of potentially altered update arguments for the given term.
	 * @param array  $args        Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
	 */
	$parent = (int) apply_filters( 'wp_update_term_parent', $args['parent'], $term_id, $taxonomy, $parsed_args, $args );

	// Check for duplicate slug.
	$duplicate = get_term_by( 'slug', $slug, $taxonomy );
	if ( $duplicate &amp;&amp; $duplicate-&gt;term_id !== $term_id ) {
		// If an empty slug was passed or the parent changed, reset the slug to something unique.
		// Otherwise, bail.
		if ( $empty_slug || ( $parent !== (int) $term['parent'] ) ) {
			$slug = wp_unique_term_slug( $slug, (object) $args );
		} else {
			/* translators: %s: Taxonomy term slug. */
			return new WP_Error( 'duplicate_term_slug', sprintf( __( 'The slug &amp;#8220;%s&amp;#8221; is already in use by another term.' ), $slug ) );
		}
	}

	$tt_id = (int) $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT tt.term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy AS tt INNER JOIN $wpdb-&gt;terms AS t ON tt.term_id = t.term_id WHERE tt.taxonomy = %s AND t.term_id = %d&quot;, $taxonomy, $term_id ) );

	// Check whether this is a shared term that needs splitting.
	$_term_id = _split_shared_term( $term_id, $tt_id );
	if ( ! is_wp_error( $_term_id ) ) {
		$term_id = $_term_id;
	}

	/**
	 * Fires immediately before the given terms are edited.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
	 */
	do_action( 'edit_terms', $term_id, $taxonomy, $args );

	$data = compact( 'name', 'slug', 'term_group' );

	/**
	 * Filters term data before it is updated in the database.
	 *
	 * @since 4.7.0
	 *
	 * @param array  $data     Term data to be updated.
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
	 */
	$data = apply_filters( 'wp_update_term_data', $data, $term_id, $taxonomy, $args );

	$wpdb-&gt;update( $wpdb-&gt;terms, $data, compact( 'term_id' ) );

	if ( empty( $slug ) ) {
		$slug = sanitize_title( $name, $term_id );
		$wpdb-&gt;update( $wpdb-&gt;terms, compact( 'slug' ), compact( 'term_id' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after a term is updated in the database, but before its
	 * term-taxonomy relationship is updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
	 */
	do_action( 'edited_terms', $term_id, $taxonomy, $args );

	/**
	 * Fires immediate before a term-taxonomy relationship is updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
	 */
	do_action( 'edit_term_taxonomy', $tt_id, $taxonomy, $args );

	$wpdb-&gt;update( $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy, compact( 'term_id', 'taxonomy', 'description', 'parent' ), array( 'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $tt_id ) );

	/**
	 * Fires immediately after a term-taxonomy relationship is updated.
	 *
	 * @since 2.9.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
	 */
	do_action( 'edited_term_taxonomy', $tt_id, $taxonomy, $args );

	/**
	 * Fires after a term has been updated, but before the term cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * The {@see 'edit_$taxonomy'} hook is also available for targeting a specific
	 * taxonomy.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
	 */
	do_action( 'edit_term', $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy, $args );

	/**
	 * Fires after a term in a specific taxonomy has been updated, but before the term
	 * cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
	 *
	 * Possible hook names include:
	 *
	 *  - `edit_category`
	 *  - `edit_post_tag`
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int   $term_id Term ID.
	 * @param int   $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param array $args    Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
	 */
	do_action( &quot;edit_{$taxonomy}&quot;, $term_id, $tt_id, $args );

	/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
	$term_id = apply_filters( 'term_id_filter', $term_id, $tt_id );

	clean_term_cache( $term_id, $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Fires after a term has been updated, and the term cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * The {@see 'edited_$taxonomy'} hook is also available for targeting a specific
	 * taxonomy.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
	 * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
	 */
	do_action( 'edited_term', $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy, $args );

	/**
	 * Fires after a term for a specific taxonomy has been updated, and the term
	 * cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
	 *
	 * Possible hook names include:
	 *
	 *  - `edited_category`
	 *  - `edited_post_tag`
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @since 6.1.0 The `$args` parameter was added.
	 *
	 * @param int   $term_id Term ID.
	 * @param int   $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
	 * @param array $args    Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
	 */
	do_action( &quot;edited_{$taxonomy}&quot;, $term_id, $tt_id, $args );

	/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
	do_action( 'saved_term', $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy, true, $args );

	/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
	do_action( &quot;saved_{$taxonomy}&quot;, $term_id, $tt_id, true, $args );

	return array(
		'term_id'          =&gt; $term_id,
		'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $tt_id,
	);
}

/**
 * Enables or disables term counting.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param bool $defer Optional. Enable if true, disable if false.
 * @return bool Whether term counting is enabled or disabled.
 */
function wp_defer_term_counting( $defer = null ) {
	static $_defer = false;

	if ( is_bool( $defer ) ) {
		$_defer = $defer;
		// Flush any deferred counts.
		if ( ! $defer ) {
			wp_update_term_count( null, null, true );
		}
	}

	return $_defer;
}

/**
 * Updates the amount of terms in taxonomy.
 *
 * If there is a taxonomy callback applied, then it will be called for updating
 * the count.
 *
 * The default action is to count what the amount of terms have the relationship
 * of term ID. Once that is done, then update the database.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param int|array $terms       The term_taxonomy_id of the terms.
 * @param string    $taxonomy    The context of the term.
 * @param bool      $do_deferred Whether to flush the deferred term counts too. Default false.
 * @return bool If no terms will return false, and if successful will return true.
 */
function wp_update_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy, $do_deferred = false ) {
	static $_deferred = array();

	if ( $do_deferred ) {
		foreach ( (array) array_keys( $_deferred ) as $tax ) {
			wp_update_term_count_now( $_deferred[ $tax ], $tax );
			unset( $_deferred[ $tax ] );
		}
	}

	if ( empty( $terms ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $terms ) ) {
		$terms = array( $terms );
	}

	if ( wp_defer_term_counting() ) {
		if ( ! isset( $_deferred[ $taxonomy ] ) ) {
			$_deferred[ $taxonomy ] = array();
		}
		$_deferred[ $taxonomy ] = array_unique( array_merge( $_deferred[ $taxonomy ], $terms ) );
		return true;
	}

	return wp_update_term_count_now( $terms, $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Performs term count update immediately.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param array  $terms    The term_taxonomy_id of terms to update.
 * @param string $taxonomy The context of the term.
 * @return true Always true when complete.
 */
function wp_update_term_count_now( $terms, $taxonomy ) {
	$terms = array_map( 'intval', $terms );

	$taxonomy = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
	if ( ! empty( $taxonomy-&gt;update_count_callback ) ) {
		call_user_func( $taxonomy-&gt;update_count_callback, $terms, $taxonomy );
	} else {
		$object_types = (array) $taxonomy-&gt;object_type;
		foreach ( $object_types as &amp;$object_type ) {
			if ( 0 === strpos( $object_type, 'attachment:' ) ) {
				list( $object_type ) = explode( ':', $object_type );
			}
		}

		if ( array_filter( $object_types, 'post_type_exists' ) == $object_types ) {
			// Only post types are attached to this taxonomy.
			_update_post_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy );
		} else {
			// Default count updater.
			_update_generic_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy );
		}
	}

	clean_term_cache( $terms, '', false );

	return true;
}

//
// Cache.
//

/**
 * Removes the taxonomy relationship to terms from the cache.
 *
 * Will remove the entire taxonomy relationship containing term `$object_id`. The
 * term IDs have to exist within the taxonomy `$object_type` for the deletion to
 * take place.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global bool $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation
 *
 * @see get_object_taxonomies() for more on $object_type.
 *
 * @param int|array    $object_ids  Single or list of term object ID(s).
 * @param array|string $object_type The taxonomy object type.
 */
function clean_object_term_cache( $object_ids, $object_type ) {
	global $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation;

	if ( ! empty( $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation ) ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $object_ids ) ) {
		$object_ids = array( $object_ids );
	}

	$taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies( $object_type );

	foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
		wp_cache_delete_multiple( $object_ids, &quot;{$taxonomy}_relationships&quot; );
	}

	wp_cache_delete( 'last_changed', 'terms' );

	/**
	 * Fires after the object term cache has been cleaned.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @param array  $object_ids An array of object IDs.
	 * @param string $object_type Object type.
	 */
	do_action( 'clean_object_term_cache', $object_ids, $object_type );
}

/**
 * Removes all of the term IDs from the cache.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb                           WordPress database abstraction object.
 * @global bool $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation
 *
 * @param int|int[] $ids            Single or array of term IDs.
 * @param string    $taxonomy       Optional. Taxonomy slug. Can be empty, in which case the taxonomies of the passed
 *                                  term IDs will be used. Default empty.
 * @param bool      $clean_taxonomy Optional. Whether to clean taxonomy wide caches (true), or just individual
 *                                  term object caches (false). Default true.
 */
function clean_term_cache( $ids, $taxonomy = '', $clean_taxonomy = true ) {
	global $wpdb, $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation;

	if ( ! empty( $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation ) ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $ids ) ) {
		$ids = array( $ids );
	}

	$taxonomies = array();
	// If no taxonomy, assume tt_ids.
	if ( empty( $taxonomy ) ) {
		$tt_ids = array_map( 'intval', $ids );
		$tt_ids = implode( ', ', $tt_ids );
		$terms  = $wpdb-&gt;get_results( &quot;SELECT term_id, taxonomy FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN ($tt_ids)&quot; );
		$ids    = array();

		foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
			$taxonomies[] = $term-&gt;taxonomy;
			$ids[]        = $term-&gt;term_id;
		}
		wp_cache_delete_multiple( $ids, 'terms' );
		$taxonomies = array_unique( $taxonomies );
	} else {
		wp_cache_delete_multiple( $ids, 'terms' );
		$taxonomies = array( $taxonomy );
	}

	foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
		if ( $clean_taxonomy ) {
			clean_taxonomy_cache( $taxonomy );
		}

		/**
		 * Fires once after each taxonomy's term cache has been cleaned.
		 *
		 * @since 2.5.0
		 * @since 4.5.0 Added the `$clean_taxonomy` parameter.
		 *
		 * @param array  $ids            An array of term IDs.
		 * @param string $taxonomy       Taxonomy slug.
		 * @param bool   $clean_taxonomy Whether or not to clean taxonomy-wide caches
		 */
		do_action( 'clean_term_cache', $ids, $taxonomy, $clean_taxonomy );
	}

	wp_cache_set( 'last_changed', microtime(), 'terms' );
}

/**
 * Cleans the caches for a taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 4.9.0
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
 */
function clean_taxonomy_cache( $taxonomy ) {
	wp_cache_delete( 'all_ids', $taxonomy );
	wp_cache_delete( 'get', $taxonomy );
	wp_cache_delete( 'last_changed', 'terms' );

	// Regenerate cached hierarchy.
	delete_option( &quot;{$taxonomy}_children&quot; );
	_get_term_hierarchy( $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Fires after a taxonomy's caches have been cleaned.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 */
	do_action( 'clean_taxonomy_cache', $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the cached term objects for the given object ID.
 *
 * Upstream functions (like get_the_terms() and is_object_in_term()) are
 * responsible for populating the object-term relationship cache. The current
 * function only fetches relationship data that is already in the cache.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.7.0 Returns a `WP_Error` object if there's an error with
 *              any of the matched terms.
 *
 * @param int    $id       Term object ID, for example a post, comment, or user ID.
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return bool|WP_Term[]|WP_Error Array of `WP_Term` objects, if cached.
 *                                 False if cache is empty for `$taxonomy` and `$id`.
 *                                 WP_Error if get_term() returns an error object for any term.
 */
function get_object_term_cache( $id, $taxonomy ) {
	$_term_ids = wp_cache_get( $id, &quot;{$taxonomy}_relationships&quot; );

	// We leave the priming of relationship caches to upstream functions.
	if ( false === $_term_ids ) {
		return false;
	}

	// Backward compatibility for if a plugin is putting objects into the cache, rather than IDs.
	$term_ids = array();
	foreach ( $_term_ids as $term_id ) {
		if ( is_numeric( $term_id ) ) {
			$term_ids[] = (int) $term_id;
		} elseif ( isset( $term_id-&gt;term_id ) ) {
			$term_ids[] = (int) $term_id-&gt;term_id;
		}
	}

	// Fill the term objects.
	_prime_term_caches( $term_ids );

	$terms = array();
	foreach ( $term_ids as $term_id ) {
		$term = get_term( $term_id, $taxonomy );
		if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
			return $term;
		}

		$terms[] = $term;
	}

	return $terms;
}

/**
 * Updates the cache for the given term object ID(s).
 *
 * Note: Due to performance concerns, great care should be taken to only update
 * term caches when necessary. Processing time can increase exponentially depending
 * on both the number of passed term IDs and the number of taxonomies those terms
 * belong to.
 *
 * Caches will only be updated for terms not already cached.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string|int[]    $object_ids  Comma-separated list or array of term object IDs.
 * @param string|string[] $object_type The taxonomy object type or array of the same.
 * @return void|false Void on success or if the `$object_ids` parameter is empty,
 *                    false if all of the terms in `$object_ids` are already cached.
 */
function update_object_term_cache( $object_ids, $object_type ) {
	if ( empty( $object_ids ) ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( ! is_array( $object_ids ) ) {
		$object_ids = explode( ',', $object_ids );
	}

	$object_ids     = array_map( 'intval', $object_ids );
	$non_cached_ids = array();

	$taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies( $object_type );

	foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
		$cache_values = wp_cache_get_multiple( (array) $object_ids, &quot;{$taxonomy}_relationships&quot; );

		foreach ( $cache_values as $id =&gt; $value ) {
			if ( false === $value ) {
				$non_cached_ids[] = $id;
			}
		}
	}

	if ( empty( $non_cached_ids ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$non_cached_ids = array_unique( $non_cached_ids );

	$terms = wp_get_object_terms(
		$non_cached_ids,
		$taxonomies,
		array(
			'fields'                 =&gt; 'all_with_object_id',
			'orderby'                =&gt; 'name',
			'update_term_meta_cache' =&gt; false,
		)
	);

	$object_terms = array();
	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		$object_terms[ $term-&gt;object_id ][ $term-&gt;taxonomy ][] = $term-&gt;term_id;
	}

	foreach ( $non_cached_ids as $id ) {
		foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
			if ( ! isset( $object_terms[ $id ][ $taxonomy ] ) ) {
				if ( ! isset( $object_terms[ $id ] ) ) {
					$object_terms[ $id ] = array();
				}
				$object_terms[ $id ][ $taxonomy ] = array();
			}
		}
	}

	$cache_values = array();
	foreach ( $object_terms as $id =&gt; $value ) {
		foreach ( $value as $taxonomy =&gt; $terms ) {
			$cache_values[ $taxonomy ][ $id ] = $terms;
		}
	}
	foreach ( $cache_values as $taxonomy =&gt; $data ) {
		wp_cache_add_multiple( $data, &quot;{$taxonomy}_relationships&quot; );
	}
}

/**
 * Updates terms in cache.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param WP_Term[] $terms    Array of term objects to change.
 * @param string    $taxonomy Not used.
 */
function update_term_cache( $terms, $taxonomy = '' ) {
	$data = array();
	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		// Create a copy in case the array was passed by reference.
		$_term = clone $term;

		// Object ID should not be cached.
		unset( $_term-&gt;object_id );

		$data[ $term-&gt;term_id ] = $_term;
	}
	wp_cache_add_multiple( $data, 'terms' );
}

//
// Private.
//

/**
 * Retrieves children of taxonomy as term IDs.
 *
 * @access private
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return array Empty if $taxonomy isn't hierarchical or returns children as term IDs.
 */
function _get_term_hierarchy( $taxonomy ) {
	if ( ! is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return array();
	}
	$children = get_option( &quot;{$taxonomy}_children&quot; );

	if ( is_array( $children ) ) {
		return $children;
	}
	$children = array();
	$terms    = get_terms(
		array(
			'taxonomy'               =&gt; $taxonomy,
			'get'                    =&gt; 'all',
			'orderby'                =&gt; 'id',
			'fields'                 =&gt; 'id=&gt;parent',
			'update_term_meta_cache' =&gt; false,
		)
	);
	foreach ( $terms as $term_id =&gt; $parent ) {
		if ( $parent &gt; 0 ) {
			$children[ $parent ][] = $term_id;
		}
	}
	update_option( &quot;{$taxonomy}_children&quot;, $children );

	return $children;
}

/**
 * Gets the subset of $terms that are descendants of $term_id.
 *
 * If `$terms` is an array of objects, then _get_term_children() returns an array of objects.
 * If `$terms` is an array of IDs, then _get_term_children() returns an array of IDs.
 *
 * @access private
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id   The ancestor term: all returned terms should be descendants of `$term_id`.
 * @param array  $terms     The set of terms - either an array of term objects or term IDs - from which those that
 *                          are descendants of $term_id will be chosen.
 * @param string $taxonomy  The taxonomy which determines the hierarchy of the terms.
 * @param array  $ancestors Optional. Term ancestors that have already been identified. Passed by reference, to keep
 *                          track of found terms when recursing the hierarchy. The array of located ancestors is used
 *                          to prevent infinite recursion loops. For performance, `term_ids` are used as array keys,
 *                          with 1 as value. Default empty array.
 * @return array|WP_Error The subset of $terms that are descendants of $term_id.
 */
function _get_term_children( $term_id, $terms, $taxonomy, &amp;$ancestors = array() ) {
	$empty_array = array();
	if ( empty( $terms ) ) {
		return $empty_array;
	}

	$term_id      = (int) $term_id;
	$term_list    = array();
	$has_children = _get_term_hierarchy( $taxonomy );

	if ( $term_id &amp;&amp; ! isset( $has_children[ $term_id ] ) ) {
		return $empty_array;
	}

	// Include the term itself in the ancestors array, so we can properly detect when a loop has occurred.
	if ( empty( $ancestors ) ) {
		$ancestors[ $term_id ] = 1;
	}

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		$use_id = false;
		if ( ! is_object( $term ) ) {
			$term = get_term( $term, $taxonomy );
			if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
				return $term;
			}
			$use_id = true;
		}

		// Don't recurse if we've already identified the term as a child - this indicates a loop.
		if ( isset( $ancestors[ $term-&gt;term_id ] ) ) {
			continue;
		}

		if ( (int) $term-&gt;parent === $term_id ) {
			if ( $use_id ) {
				$term_list[] = $term-&gt;term_id;
			} else {
				$term_list[] = $term;
			}

			if ( ! isset( $has_children[ $term-&gt;term_id ] ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			$ancestors[ $term-&gt;term_id ] = 1;

			$children = _get_term_children( $term-&gt;term_id, $terms, $taxonomy, $ancestors );
			if ( $children ) {
				$term_list = array_merge( $term_list, $children );
			}
		}
	}

	return $term_list;
}

/**
 * Adds count of children to parent count.
 *
 * Recalculates term counts by including items from child terms. Assumes all
 * relevant children are already in the $terms argument.
 *
 * @access private
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param object[]|WP_Term[] $terms    List of term objects (passed by reference).
 * @param string             $taxonomy Term context.
 */
function _pad_term_counts( &amp;$terms, $taxonomy ) {
	global $wpdb;

	// This function only works for hierarchical taxonomies like post categories.
	if ( ! is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $taxonomy ) ) {
		return;
	}

	$term_hier = _get_term_hierarchy( $taxonomy );

	if ( empty( $term_hier ) ) {
		return;
	}

	$term_items  = array();
	$terms_by_id = array();
	$term_ids    = array();

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $key =&gt; $term ) {
		$terms_by_id[ $term-&gt;term_id ]       = &amp; $terms[ $key ];
		$term_ids[ $term-&gt;term_taxonomy_id ] = $term-&gt;term_id;
	}

	// Get the object and term IDs and stick them in a lookup table.
	$tax_obj      = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
	$object_types = esc_sql( $tax_obj-&gt;object_type );
	$results      = $wpdb-&gt;get_results( &quot;SELECT object_id, term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_relationships INNER JOIN $wpdb-&gt;posts ON object_id = ID WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN (&quot; . implode( ',', array_keys( $term_ids ) ) . &quot;) AND post_type IN ('&quot; . implode( &quot;', '&quot;, $object_types ) . &quot;') AND post_status = 'publish'&quot; );

	foreach ( $results as $row ) {
		$id = $term_ids[ $row-&gt;term_taxonomy_id ];

		$term_items[ $id ][ $row-&gt;object_id ] = isset( $term_items[ $id ][ $row-&gt;object_id ] ) ? ++$term_items[ $id ][ $row-&gt;object_id ] : 1;
	}

	// Touch every ancestor's lookup row for each post in each term.
	foreach ( $term_ids as $term_id ) {
		$child     = $term_id;
		$ancestors = array();
		while ( ! empty( $terms_by_id[ $child ] ) &amp;&amp; $parent = $terms_by_id[ $child ]-&gt;parent ) {
			$ancestors[] = $child;

			if ( ! empty( $term_items[ $term_id ] ) ) {
				foreach ( $term_items[ $term_id ] as $item_id =&gt; $touches ) {
					$term_items[ $parent ][ $item_id ] = isset( $term_items[ $parent ][ $item_id ] ) ? ++$term_items[ $parent ][ $item_id ] : 1;
				}
			}

			$child = $parent;

			if ( in_array( $parent, $ancestors, true ) ) {
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	// Transfer the touched cells.
	foreach ( (array) $term_items as $id =&gt; $items ) {
		if ( isset( $terms_by_id[ $id ] ) ) {
			$terms_by_id[ $id ]-&gt;count = count( $items );
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Adds any terms from the given IDs to the cache that do not already exist in cache.
 *
 * @since 4.6.0
 * @since 6.1.0 This function is no longer marked as &quot;private&quot;.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param array $term_ids          Array of term IDs.
 * @param bool  $update_meta_cache Optional. Whether to update the meta cache. Default true.
 */
function _prime_term_caches( $term_ids, $update_meta_cache = true ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$non_cached_ids = _get_non_cached_ids( $term_ids, 'terms' );
	if ( ! empty( $non_cached_ids ) ) {
		$fresh_terms = $wpdb-&gt;get_results( sprintf( &quot;SELECT t.*, tt.* FROM $wpdb-&gt;terms AS t INNER JOIN $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy AS tt ON t.term_id = tt.term_id WHERE t.term_id IN (%s)&quot;, implode( ',', array_map( 'intval', $non_cached_ids ) ) ) );

		update_term_cache( $fresh_terms );

		if ( $update_meta_cache ) {
			update_termmeta_cache( $non_cached_ids );
		}
	}
}

//
// Default callbacks.
//

/**
 * Updates term count based on object types of the current taxonomy.
 *
 * Private function for the default callback for post_tag and category
 * taxonomies.
 *
 * @access private
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int[]       $terms    List of term taxonomy IDs.
 * @param WP_Taxonomy $taxonomy Current taxonomy object of terms.
 */
function _update_post_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy ) {
	global $wpdb;

	$object_types = (array) $taxonomy-&gt;object_type;

	foreach ( $object_types as &amp;$object_type ) {
		list( $object_type ) = explode( ':', $object_type );
	}

	$object_types = array_unique( $object_types );

	$check_attachments = array_search( 'attachment', $object_types, true );
	if ( false !== $check_attachments ) {
		unset( $object_types[ $check_attachments ] );
		$check_attachments = true;
	}

	if ( $object_types ) {
		$object_types = esc_sql( array_filter( $object_types, 'post_type_exists' ) );
	}

	$post_statuses = array( 'publish' );

	/**
	 * Filters the post statuses for updating the term count.
	 *
	 * @since 5.7.0
	 *
	 * @param string[]    $post_statuses List of post statuses to include in the count. Default is 'publish'.
	 * @param WP_Taxonomy $taxonomy      Current taxonomy object.
	 */
	$post_statuses = esc_sql( apply_filters( 'update_post_term_count_statuses', $post_statuses, $taxonomy ) );

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		$count = 0;

		// Attachments can be 'inherit' status, we need to base count off the parent's status if so.
		if ( $check_attachments ) {
			// phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQLPlaceholders.QuotedDynamicPlaceholderGeneration
			$count += (int) $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_relationships, $wpdb-&gt;posts p1 WHERE p1.ID = $wpdb-&gt;term_relationships.object_id AND ( post_status IN ('&quot; . implode( &quot;', '&quot;, $post_statuses ) . &quot;') OR ( post_status = 'inherit' AND post_parent &gt; 0 AND ( SELECT post_status FROM $wpdb-&gt;posts WHERE ID = p1.post_parent ) IN ('&quot; . implode( &quot;', '&quot;, $post_statuses ) . &quot;') ) ) AND post_type = 'attachment' AND term_taxonomy_id = %d&quot;, $term ) );
		}

		if ( $object_types ) {
			// phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQLPlaceholders.QuotedDynamicPlaceholderGeneration
			$count += (int) $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_relationships, $wpdb-&gt;posts WHERE $wpdb-&gt;posts.ID = $wpdb-&gt;term_relationships.object_id AND post_status IN ('&quot; . implode( &quot;', '&quot;, $post_statuses ) . &quot;') AND post_type IN ('&quot; . implode( &quot;', '&quot;, $object_types ) . &quot;') AND term_taxonomy_id = %d&quot;, $term ) );
		}

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		do_action( 'edit_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy-&gt;name );
		$wpdb-&gt;update( $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy, compact( 'count' ), array( 'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $term ) );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		do_action( 'edited_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy-&gt;name );
	}
}

/**
 * Updates term count based on number of objects.
 *
 * Default callback for the 'link_category' taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 3.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int[]       $terms    List of term taxonomy IDs.
 * @param WP_Taxonomy $taxonomy Current taxonomy object of terms.
 */
function _update_generic_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy ) {
	global $wpdb;

	foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
		$count = $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_relationships WHERE term_taxonomy_id = %d&quot;, $term ) );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		do_action( 'edit_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy-&gt;name );
		$wpdb-&gt;update( $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy, compact( 'count' ), array( 'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $term ) );

		/** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		do_action( 'edited_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy-&gt;name );
	}
}

/**
 * Creates a new term for a term_taxonomy item that currently shares its term
 * with another term_taxonomy.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.2.0
 * @since 4.3.0 Introduced `$record` parameter. Also, `$term_id` and
 *              `$term_taxonomy_id` can now accept objects.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int|object $term_id          ID of the shared term, or the shared term object.
 * @param int|object $term_taxonomy_id ID of the term_taxonomy item to receive a new term, or the term_taxonomy object
 *                                     (corresponding to a row from the term_taxonomy table).
 * @param bool       $record           Whether to record data about the split term in the options table. The recording
 *                                     process has the potential to be resource-intensive, so during batch operations
 *                                     it can be beneficial to skip inline recording and do it just once, after the
 *                                     batch is processed. Only set this to `false` if you know what you are doing.
 *                                     Default: true.
 * @return int|WP_Error When the current term does not need to be split (or cannot be split on the current
 *                      database schema), `$term_id` is returned. When the term is successfully split, the
 *                      new term_id is returned. A WP_Error is returned for miscellaneous errors.
 */
function _split_shared_term( $term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $record = true ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( is_object( $term_id ) ) {
		$shared_term = $term_id;
		$term_id     = (int) $shared_term-&gt;term_id;
	}

	if ( is_object( $term_taxonomy_id ) ) {
		$term_taxonomy    = $term_taxonomy_id;
		$term_taxonomy_id = (int) $term_taxonomy-&gt;term_taxonomy_id;
	}

	// If there are no shared term_taxonomy rows, there's nothing to do here.
	$shared_tt_count = (int) $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy tt WHERE tt.term_id = %d AND tt.term_taxonomy_id != %d&quot;, $term_id, $term_taxonomy_id ) );

	if ( ! $shared_tt_count ) {
		return $term_id;
	}

	/*
	 * Verify that the term_taxonomy_id passed to the function is actually associated with the term_id.
	 * If there's a mismatch, it may mean that the term is already split. Return the actual term_id from the db.
	 */
	$check_term_id = (int) $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT term_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy WHERE term_taxonomy_id = %d&quot;, $term_taxonomy_id ) );
	if ( $check_term_id !== $term_id ) {
		return $check_term_id;
	}

	// Pull up data about the currently shared slug, which we'll use to populate the new one.
	if ( empty( $shared_term ) ) {
		$shared_term = $wpdb-&gt;get_row( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT t.* FROM $wpdb-&gt;terms t WHERE t.term_id = %d&quot;, $term_id ) );
	}

	$new_term_data = array(
		'name'       =&gt; $shared_term-&gt;name,
		'slug'       =&gt; $shared_term-&gt;slug,
		'term_group' =&gt; $shared_term-&gt;term_group,
	);

	if ( false === $wpdb-&gt;insert( $wpdb-&gt;terms, $new_term_data ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'db_insert_error', __( 'Could not split shared term.' ), $wpdb-&gt;last_error );
	}

	$new_term_id = (int) $wpdb-&gt;insert_id;

	// Update the existing term_taxonomy to point to the newly created term.
	$wpdb-&gt;update(
		$wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy,
		array( 'term_id' =&gt; $new_term_id ),
		array( 'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $term_taxonomy_id )
	);

	// Reassign child terms to the new parent.
	if ( empty( $term_taxonomy ) ) {
		$term_taxonomy = $wpdb-&gt;get_row( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT * FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy WHERE term_taxonomy_id = %d&quot;, $term_taxonomy_id ) );
	}

	$children_tt_ids = $wpdb-&gt;get_col( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy WHERE parent = %d AND taxonomy = %s&quot;, $term_id, $term_taxonomy-&gt;taxonomy ) );
	if ( ! empty( $children_tt_ids ) ) {
		foreach ( $children_tt_ids as $child_tt_id ) {
			$wpdb-&gt;update(
				$wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy,
				array( 'parent' =&gt; $new_term_id ),
				array( 'term_taxonomy_id' =&gt; $child_tt_id )
			);
			clean_term_cache( (int) $child_tt_id, '', false );
		}
	} else {
		// If the term has no children, we must force its taxonomy cache to be rebuilt separately.
		clean_term_cache( $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy-&gt;taxonomy, false );
	}

	clean_term_cache( $term_id, $term_taxonomy-&gt;taxonomy, false );

	/*
	 * Taxonomy cache clearing is delayed to avoid race conditions that may occur when
	 * regenerating the taxonomy's hierarchy tree.
	 */
	$taxonomies_to_clean = array( $term_taxonomy-&gt;taxonomy );

	// Clean the cache for term taxonomies formerly shared with the current term.
	$shared_term_taxonomies = $wpdb-&gt;get_col( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT taxonomy FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy WHERE term_id = %d&quot;, $term_id ) );
	$taxonomies_to_clean    = array_merge( $taxonomies_to_clean, $shared_term_taxonomies );

	foreach ( $taxonomies_to_clean as $taxonomy_to_clean ) {
		clean_taxonomy_cache( $taxonomy_to_clean );
	}

	// Keep a record of term_ids that have been split, keyed by old term_id. See wp_get_split_term().
	if ( $record ) {
		$split_term_data = get_option( '_split_terms', array() );
		if ( ! isset( $split_term_data[ $term_id ] ) ) {
			$split_term_data[ $term_id ] = array();
		}

		$split_term_data[ $term_id ][ $term_taxonomy-&gt;taxonomy ] = $new_term_id;
		update_option( '_split_terms', $split_term_data );
	}

	// If we've just split the final shared term, set the &quot;finished&quot; flag.
	$shared_terms_exist = $wpdb-&gt;get_results(
		&quot;SELECT tt.term_id, t.*, count(*) as term_tt_count FROM {$wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy} tt
		 LEFT JOIN {$wpdb-&gt;terms} t ON t.term_id = tt.term_id
		 GROUP BY t.term_id
		 HAVING term_tt_count &gt; 1
		 LIMIT 1&quot;
	);
	if ( ! $shared_terms_exist ) {
		update_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms', true );
	}

	/**
	 * Fires after a previously shared taxonomy term is split into two separate terms.
	 *
	 * @since 4.2.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
	 * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
	 * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
	 * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
	 */
	do_action( 'split_shared_term', $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $term_taxonomy-&gt;taxonomy );

	return $new_term_id;
}

/**
 * Splits a batch of shared taxonomy terms.
 *
 * @since 4.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 */
function _wp_batch_split_terms() {
	global $wpdb;

	$lock_name = 'term_split.lock';

	// Try to lock.
	$lock_result = $wpdb-&gt;query( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;INSERT IGNORE INTO `$wpdb-&gt;options` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES (%s, %s, 'no') /* LOCK */&quot;, $lock_name, time() ) );

	if ( ! $lock_result ) {
		$lock_result = get_option( $lock_name );

		// Bail if we were unable to create a lock, or if the existing lock is still valid.
		if ( ! $lock_result || ( $lock_result &gt; ( time() - HOUR_IN_SECONDS ) ) ) {
			wp_schedule_single_event( time() + ( 5 * MINUTE_IN_SECONDS ), 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' );
			return;
		}
	}

	// Update the lock, as by this point we've definitely got a lock, just need to fire the actions.
	update_option( $lock_name, time() );

	// Get a list of shared terms (those with more than one associated row in term_taxonomy).
	$shared_terms = $wpdb-&gt;get_results(
		&quot;SELECT tt.term_id, t.*, count(*) as term_tt_count FROM {$wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy} tt
		 LEFT JOIN {$wpdb-&gt;terms} t ON t.term_id = tt.term_id
		 GROUP BY t.term_id
		 HAVING term_tt_count &gt; 1
		 LIMIT 10&quot;
	);

	// No more terms, we're done here.
	if ( ! $shared_terms ) {
		update_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms', true );
		delete_option( $lock_name );
		return;
	}

	// Shared terms found? We'll need to run this script again.
	wp_schedule_single_event( time() + ( 2 * MINUTE_IN_SECONDS ), 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' );

	// Rekey shared term array for faster lookups.
	$_shared_terms = array();
	foreach ( $shared_terms as $shared_term ) {
		$term_id                   = (int) $shared_term-&gt;term_id;
		$_shared_terms[ $term_id ] = $shared_term;
	}
	$shared_terms = $_shared_terms;

	// Get term taxonomy data for all shared terms.
	$shared_term_ids = implode( ',', array_keys( $shared_terms ) );
	$shared_tts      = $wpdb-&gt;get_results( &quot;SELECT * FROM {$wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy} WHERE `term_id` IN ({$shared_term_ids})&quot; );

	// Split term data recording is slow, so we do it just once, outside the loop.
	$split_term_data    = get_option( '_split_terms', array() );
	$skipped_first_term = array();
	$taxonomies         = array();
	foreach ( $shared_tts as $shared_tt ) {
		$term_id = (int) $shared_tt-&gt;term_id;

		// Don't split the first tt belonging to a given term_id.
		if ( ! isset( $skipped_first_term[ $term_id ] ) ) {
			$skipped_first_term[ $term_id ] = 1;
			continue;
		}

		if ( ! isset( $split_term_data[ $term_id ] ) ) {
			$split_term_data[ $term_id ] = array();
		}

		// Keep track of taxonomies whose hierarchies need flushing.
		if ( ! isset( $taxonomies[ $shared_tt-&gt;taxonomy ] ) ) {
			$taxonomies[ $shared_tt-&gt;taxonomy ] = 1;
		}

		// Split the term.
		$split_term_data[ $term_id ][ $shared_tt-&gt;taxonomy ] = _split_shared_term( $shared_terms[ $term_id ], $shared_tt, false );
	}

	// Rebuild the cached hierarchy for each affected taxonomy.
	foreach ( array_keys( $taxonomies ) as $tax ) {
		delete_option( &quot;{$tax}_children&quot; );
		_get_term_hierarchy( $tax );
	}

	update_option( '_split_terms', $split_term_data );

	delete_option( $lock_name );
}

/**
 * In order to avoid the _wp_batch_split_terms() job being accidentally removed,
 * checks that it's still scheduled while we haven't finished splitting terms.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.3.0
 */
function _wp_check_for_scheduled_split_terms() {
	if ( ! get_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms' ) &amp;&amp; ! wp_next_scheduled( 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' ) ) {
		wp_schedule_single_event( time() + MINUTE_IN_SECONDS, 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' );
	}
}

/**
 * Checks default categories when a term gets split to see if any of them need to be updated.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
 * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
 * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
 * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
 */
function _wp_check_split_default_terms( $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $taxonomy ) {
	if ( 'category' !== $taxonomy ) {
		return;
	}

	foreach ( array( 'default_category', 'default_link_category', 'default_email_category' ) as $option ) {
		if ( (int) get_option( $option, -1 ) === $term_id ) {
			update_option( $option, $new_term_id );
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Checks menu items when a term gets split to see if any of them need to be updated.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
 * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
 * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
 * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
 */
function _wp_check_split_terms_in_menus( $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $taxonomy ) {
	global $wpdb;
	$post_ids = $wpdb-&gt;get_col(
		$wpdb-&gt;prepare(
			&quot;SELECT m1.post_id
		FROM {$wpdb-&gt;postmeta} AS m1
			INNER JOIN {$wpdb-&gt;postmeta} AS m2 ON ( m2.post_id = m1.post_id )
			INNER JOIN {$wpdb-&gt;postmeta} AS m3 ON ( m3.post_id = m1.post_id )
		WHERE ( m1.meta_key = '_menu_item_type' AND m1.meta_value = 'taxonomy' )
			AND ( m2.meta_key = '_menu_item_object' AND m2.meta_value = %s )
			AND ( m3.meta_key = '_menu_item_object_id' AND m3.meta_value = %d )&quot;,
			$taxonomy,
			$term_id
		)
	);

	if ( $post_ids ) {
		foreach ( $post_ids as $post_id ) {
			update_post_meta( $post_id, '_menu_item_object_id', $new_term_id, $term_id );
		}
	}
}

/**
 * If the term being split is a nav_menu, changes associations.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.3.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
 * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
 * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
 * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
 */
function _wp_check_split_nav_menu_terms( $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $taxonomy ) {
	if ( 'nav_menu' !== $taxonomy ) {
		return;
	}

	// Update menu locations.
	$locations = get_nav_menu_locations();
	foreach ( $locations as $location =&gt; $menu_id ) {
		if ( $term_id === $menu_id ) {
			$locations[ $location ] = $new_term_id;
		}
	}
	set_theme_mod( 'nav_menu_locations', $locations );
}

/**
 * Gets data about terms that previously shared a single term_id, but have since been split.
 *
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @param int $old_term_id Term ID. This is the old, pre-split term ID.
 * @return array Array of new term IDs, keyed by taxonomy.
 */
function wp_get_split_terms( $old_term_id ) {
	$split_terms = get_option( '_split_terms', array() );

	$terms = array();
	if ( isset( $split_terms[ $old_term_id ] ) ) {
		$terms = $split_terms[ $old_term_id ];
	}

	return $terms;
}

/**
 * Gets the new term ID corresponding to a previously split term.
 *
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @param int    $old_term_id Term ID. This is the old, pre-split term ID.
 * @param string $taxonomy    Taxonomy that the term belongs to.
 * @return int|false If a previously split term is found corresponding to the old term_id and taxonomy,
 *                   the new term_id will be returned. If no previously split term is found matching
 *                   the parameters, returns false.
 */
function wp_get_split_term( $old_term_id, $taxonomy ) {
	$split_terms = wp_get_split_terms( $old_term_id );

	$term_id = false;
	if ( isset( $split_terms[ $taxonomy ] ) ) {
		$term_id = (int) $split_terms[ $taxonomy ];
	}

	return $term_id;
}

/**
 * Determines whether a term is shared between multiple taxonomies.
 *
 * Shared taxonomy terms began to be split in 4.3, but failed cron tasks or
 * other delays in upgrade routines may cause shared terms to remain.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int $term_id Term ID.
 * @return bool Returns false if a term is not shared between multiple taxonomies or
 *              if splitting shared taxonomy terms is finished.
 */
function wp_term_is_shared( $term_id ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( get_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms' ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	$tt_count = $wpdb-&gt;get_var( $wpdb-&gt;prepare( &quot;SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb-&gt;term_taxonomy WHERE term_id = %d&quot;, $term_id ) );

	return $tt_count &gt; 1;
}

/**
 * Generates a permalink for a taxonomy term archive.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @global WP_Rewrite $wp_rewrite WordPress rewrite component.
 *
 * @param WP_Term|int|string $term     The term object, ID, or slug whose link will be retrieved.
 * @param string             $taxonomy Optional. Taxonomy. Default empty.
 * @return string|WP_Error URL of the taxonomy term archive on success, WP_Error if term does not exist.
 */
function get_term_link( $term, $taxonomy = '' ) {
	global $wp_rewrite;

	if ( ! is_object( $term ) ) {
		if ( is_int( $term ) ) {
			$term = get_term( $term, $taxonomy );
		} else {
			$term = get_term_by( 'slug', $term, $taxonomy );
		}
	}

	if ( ! is_object( $term ) ) {
		$term = new WP_Error( 'invalid_term', __( 'Empty Term.' ) );
	}

	if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
		return $term;
	}

	$taxonomy = $term-&gt;taxonomy;

	$termlink = $wp_rewrite-&gt;get_extra_permastruct( $taxonomy );

	/**
	 * Filters the permalink structure for a term before token replacement occurs.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.0
	 *
	 * @param string  $termlink The permalink structure for the term's taxonomy.
	 * @param WP_Term $term     The term object.
	 */
	$termlink = apply_filters( 'pre_term_link', $termlink, $term );

	$slug = $term-&gt;slug;
	$t    = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );

	if ( empty( $termlink ) ) {
		if ( 'category' === $taxonomy ) {
			$termlink = '?cat=' . $term-&gt;term_id;
		} elseif ( $t-&gt;query_var ) {
			$termlink = &quot;?$t-&gt;query_var=$slug&quot;;
		} else {
			$termlink = &quot;?taxonomy=$taxonomy&amp;term=$slug&quot;;
		}
		$termlink = home_url( $termlink );
	} else {
		if ( ! empty( $t-&gt;rewrite['hierarchical'] ) ) {
			$hierarchical_slugs = array();
			$ancestors          = get_ancestors( $term-&gt;term_id, $taxonomy, 'taxonomy' );
			foreach ( (array) $ancestors as $ancestor ) {
				$ancestor_term        = get_term( $ancestor, $taxonomy );
				$hierarchical_slugs[] = $ancestor_term-&gt;slug;
			}
			$hierarchical_slugs   = array_reverse( $hierarchical_slugs );
			$hierarchical_slugs[] = $slug;
			$termlink             = str_replace( &quot;%$taxonomy%&quot;, implode( '/', $hierarchical_slugs ), $termlink );
		} else {
			$termlink = str_replace( &quot;%$taxonomy%&quot;, $slug, $termlink );
		}
		$termlink = home_url( user_trailingslashit( $termlink, 'category' ) );
	}

	// Back compat filters.
	if ( 'post_tag' === $taxonomy ) {

		/**
		 * Filters the tag link.
		 *
		 * @since 2.3.0
		 * @since 2.5.0 Deprecated in favor of {@see 'term_link'} filter.
		 * @since 5.4.1 Restored (un-deprecated).
		 *
		 * @param string $termlink Tag link URL.
		 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
		 */
		$termlink = apply_filters( 'tag_link', $termlink, $term-&gt;term_id );
	} elseif ( 'category' === $taxonomy ) {

		/**
		 * Filters the category link.
		 *
		 * @since 1.5.0
		 * @since 2.5.0 Deprecated in favor of {@see 'term_link'} filter.
		 * @since 5.4.1 Restored (un-deprecated).
		 *
		 * @param string $termlink Category link URL.
		 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
		 */
		$termlink = apply_filters( 'category_link', $termlink, $term-&gt;term_id );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the term link.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @param string  $termlink Term link URL.
	 * @param WP_Term $term     Term object.
	 * @param string  $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'term_link', $termlink, $term, $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Displays the taxonomies of a post with available options.
 *
 * This function can be used within the loop to display the taxonomies for a
 * post without specifying the Post ID. You can also use it outside the Loop to
 * display the taxonomies for a specific post.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param array $args {
 *     Arguments about which post to use and how to format the output. Shares all of the arguments
 *     supported by get_the_taxonomies(), in addition to the following.
 *
 *     @type int|WP_Post $post   Post ID or object to get taxonomies of. Default current post.
 *     @type string      $before Displays before the taxonomies. Default empty string.
 *     @type string      $sep    Separates each taxonomy. Default is a space.
 *     @type string      $after  Displays after the taxonomies. Default empty string.
 * }
 */
function the_taxonomies( $args = array() ) {
	$defaults = array(
		'post'   =&gt; 0,
		'before' =&gt; '',
		'sep'    =&gt; ' ',
		'after'  =&gt; '',
	);

	$parsed_args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

	echo $parsed_args['before'] . implode( $parsed_args['sep'], get_the_taxonomies( $parsed_args['post'], $parsed_args ) ) . $parsed_args['after'];
}

/**
 * Retrieves all taxonomies associated with a post.
 *
 * This function can be used within the loop. It will also return an array of
 * the taxonomies with links to the taxonomy and name.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_Post $post Optional. Post ID or WP_Post object. Default is global $post.
 * @param array       $args {
 *           Optional. Arguments about how to format the list of taxonomies. Default empty array.
 *
 *     @type string $template      Template for displaying a taxonomy label and list of terms.
 *                                 Default is &quot;Label: Terms.&quot;
 *     @type string $term_template Template for displaying a single term in the list. Default is the term name
 *                                 linked to its archive.
 * }
 * @return string[] List of taxonomies.
 */
function get_the_taxonomies( $post = 0, $args = array() ) {
	$post = get_post( $post );

	$args = wp_parse_args(
		$args,
		array(
			/* translators: %s: Taxonomy label, %l: List of terms formatted as per $term_template. */
			'template'      =&gt; __( '%s: %l.' ),
			'term_template' =&gt; '&lt;a href=&quot;%1$s&quot;&gt;%2$s&lt;/a&gt;',
		)
	);

	$taxonomies = array();

	if ( ! $post ) {
		return $taxonomies;
	}

	foreach ( get_object_taxonomies( $post ) as $taxonomy ) {
		$t = (array) get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
		if ( empty( $t['label'] ) ) {
			$t['label'] = $taxonomy;
		}
		if ( empty( $t['args'] ) ) {
			$t['args'] = array();
		}
		if ( empty( $t['template'] ) ) {
			$t['template'] = $args['template'];
		}
		if ( empty( $t['term_template'] ) ) {
			$t['term_template'] = $args['term_template'];
		}

		$terms = get_object_term_cache( $post-&gt;ID, $taxonomy );
		if ( false === $terms ) {
			$terms = wp_get_object_terms( $post-&gt;ID, $taxonomy, $t['args'] );
		}
		$links = array();

		foreach ( $terms as $term ) {
			$links[] = wp_sprintf( $t['term_template'], esc_attr( get_term_link( $term ) ), $term-&gt;name );
		}
		if ( $links ) {
			$taxonomies[ $taxonomy ] = wp_sprintf( $t['template'], $t['label'], $links, $terms );
		}
	}
	return $taxonomies;
}

/**
 * Retrieves all taxonomy names for the given post.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_Post $post Optional. Post ID or WP_Post object. Default is global $post.
 * @return string[] An array of all taxonomy names for the given post.
 */
function get_post_taxonomies( $post = 0 ) {
	$post = get_post( $post );

	return get_object_taxonomies( $post );
}

/**
 * Determines if the given object is associated with any of the given terms.
 *
 * The given terms are checked against the object's terms' term_ids, names and slugs.
 * Terms given as integers will only be checked against the object's terms' term_ids.
 * If no terms are given, determines if object is associated with any terms in the given taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param int                       $object_id ID of the object (post ID, link ID, ...).
 * @param string                    $taxonomy  Single taxonomy name.
 * @param int|string|int[]|string[] $terms     Optional. Term ID, name, slug, or array of such
 *                                             to check against. Default null.
 * @return bool|WP_Error WP_Error on input error.
 */
function is_object_in_term( $object_id, $taxonomy, $terms = null ) {
	$object_id = (int) $object_id;
	if ( ! $object_id ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_object', __( 'Invalid object ID.' ) );
	}

	$object_terms = get_object_term_cache( $object_id, $taxonomy );
	if ( false === $object_terms ) {
		$object_terms = wp_get_object_terms( $object_id, $taxonomy, array( 'update_term_meta_cache' =&gt; false ) );
		if ( is_wp_error( $object_terms ) ) {
			return $object_terms;
		}

		wp_cache_set( $object_id, wp_list_pluck( $object_terms, 'term_id' ), &quot;{$taxonomy}_relationships&quot; );
	}

	if ( is_wp_error( $object_terms ) ) {
		return $object_terms;
	}
	if ( empty( $object_terms ) ) {
		return false;
	}
	if ( empty( $terms ) ) {
		return ( ! empty( $object_terms ) );
	}

	$terms = (array) $terms;

	$ints = array_filter( $terms, 'is_int' );
	if ( $ints ) {
		$strs = array_diff( $terms, $ints );
	} else {
		$strs =&amp; $terms;
	}

	foreach ( $object_terms as $object_term ) {
		// If term is an int, check against term_ids only.
		if ( $ints &amp;&amp; in_array( $object_term-&gt;term_id, $ints, true ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		if ( $strs ) {
			// Only check numeric strings against term_id, to avoid false matches due to type juggling.
			$numeric_strs = array_map( 'intval', array_filter( $strs, 'is_numeric' ) );
			if ( in_array( $object_term-&gt;term_id, $numeric_strs, true ) ) {
				return true;
			}

			if ( in_array( $object_term-&gt;name, $strs, true ) ) {
				return true;
			}
			if ( in_array( $object_term-&gt;slug, $strs, true ) ) {
				return true;
			}
		}
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 * Determines if the given object type is associated with the given taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param string $object_type Object type string.
 * @param string $taxonomy    Single taxonomy name.
 * @return bool True if object is associated with the taxonomy, otherwise false.
 */
function is_object_in_taxonomy( $object_type, $taxonomy ) {
	$taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies( $object_type );
	if ( empty( $taxonomies ) ) {
		return false;
	}
	return in_array( $taxonomy, $taxonomies, true );
}

/**
 * Gets an array of ancestor IDs for a given object.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 * @since 4.1.0 Introduced the `$resource_type` argument.
 *
 * @param int    $object_id     Optional. The ID of the object. Default 0.
 * @param string $object_type   Optional. The type of object for which we'll be retrieving
 *                              ancestors. Accepts a post type or a taxonomy name. Default empty.
 * @param string $resource_type Optional. Type of resource $object_type is. Accepts 'post_type'
 *                              or 'taxonomy'. Default empty.
 * @return int[] An array of IDs of ancestors from lowest to highest in the hierarchy.
 */
function get_ancestors( $object_id = 0, $object_type = '', $resource_type = '' ) {
	$object_id = (int) $object_id;

	$ancestors = array();

	if ( empty( $object_id ) ) {

		/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
		return apply_filters( 'get_ancestors', $ancestors, $object_id, $object_type, $resource_type );
	}

	if ( ! $resource_type ) {
		if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $object_type ) ) {
			$resource_type = 'taxonomy';
		} elseif ( post_type_exists( $object_type ) ) {
			$resource_type = 'post_type';
		}
	}

	if ( 'taxonomy' === $resource_type ) {
		$term = get_term( $object_id, $object_type );
		while ( ! is_wp_error( $term ) &amp;&amp; ! empty( $term-&gt;parent ) &amp;&amp; ! in_array( $term-&gt;parent, $ancestors, true ) ) {
			$ancestors[] = (int) $term-&gt;parent;
			$term        = get_term( $term-&gt;parent, $object_type );
		}
	} elseif ( 'post_type' === $resource_type ) {
		$ancestors = get_post_ancestors( $object_id );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters a given object's ancestors.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1.0
	 * @since 4.1.1 Introduced the `$resource_type` parameter.
	 *
	 * @param int[]  $ancestors     An array of IDs of object ancestors.
	 * @param int    $object_id     Object ID.
	 * @param string $object_type   Type of object.
	 * @param string $resource_type Type of resource $object_type is.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'get_ancestors', $ancestors, $object_id, $object_type, $resource_type );
}

/**
 * Returns the term's parent's term ID.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return int|false Parent term ID on success, false on failure.
 */
function wp_get_term_taxonomy_parent_id( $term_id, $taxonomy ) {
	$term = get_term( $term_id, $taxonomy );
	if ( ! $term || is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
		return false;
	}
	return (int) $term-&gt;parent;
}

/**
 * Checks the given subset of the term hierarchy for hierarchy loops.
 * Prevents loops from forming and breaks those that it finds.
 *
 * Attached to the {@see 'wp_update_term_parent'} filter.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @param int    $parent_term `term_id` of the parent for the term we're checking.
 * @param int    $term_id     The term we're checking.
 * @param string $taxonomy    The taxonomy of the term we're checking.
 * @return int The new parent for the term.
 */
function wp_check_term_hierarchy_for_loops( $parent_term, $term_id, $taxonomy ) {
	// Nothing fancy here - bail.
	if ( ! $parent_term ) {
		return 0;
	}

	// Can't be its own parent.
	if ( $parent_term === $term_id ) {
		return 0;
	}

	// Now look for larger loops.
	$loop = wp_find_hierarchy_loop( 'wp_get_term_taxonomy_parent_id', $term_id, $parent_term, array( $taxonomy ) );
	if ( ! $loop ) {
		return $parent_term; // No loop.
	}

	// Setting $parent_term to the given value causes a loop.
	if ( isset( $loop[ $term_id ] ) ) {
		return 0;
	}

	// There's a loop, but it doesn't contain $term_id. Break the loop.
	foreach ( array_keys( $loop ) as $loop_member ) {
		wp_update_term( $loop_member, $taxonomy, array( 'parent' =&gt; 0 ) );
	}

	return $parent_term;
}

/**
 * Determines whether a taxonomy is considered &quot;viewable&quot;.
 *
 * @since 5.1.0
 *
 * @param string|WP_Taxonomy $taxonomy Taxonomy name or object.
 * @return bool Whether the taxonomy should be considered viewable.
 */
function is_taxonomy_viewable( $taxonomy ) {
	if ( is_scalar( $taxonomy ) ) {
		$taxonomy = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
		if ( ! $taxonomy ) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	return $taxonomy-&gt;publicly_queryable;
}

/**
 * Determines whether a term is publicly viewable.
 *
 * A term is considered publicly viewable if its taxonomy is viewable.
 *
 * @since 6.1.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_Term $term Term ID or term object.
 * @return bool Whether the term is publicly viewable.
 */
function is_term_publicly_viewable( $term ) {
	$term = get_term( $term );

	if ( ! $term ) {
		return false;
	}

	return is_taxonomy_viewable( $term-&gt;taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Sets the last changed time for the 'terms' cache group.
 *
 * @since 5.0.0
 */
function wp_cache_set_terms_last_changed() {
	wp_cache_set( 'last_changed', microtime(), 'terms' );
}

/**
 * Aborts calls to term meta if it is not supported.
 *
 * @since 5.0.0
 *
 * @param mixed $check Skip-value for whether to proceed term meta function execution.
 * @return mixed Original value of $check, or false if term meta is not supported.
 */
function wp_check_term_meta_support_prefilter( $check ) {
	if ( get_option( 'db_version' ) &lt; 34370 ) {
		return false;
	}

	return $check;
}
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